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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 37 (1974), S. 167-175 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das thermische Verhalten von natürlicher Wolle und mit Methylacrylat, Äthylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat gepfropften Wollproben wurde mittels Thermogravimetrie an Luft bis zu 575°C bei einer Aufheizgeschwindigkeit yon 6°C pro Minute untersucht. Die thermische Beständigkeit war bei mit Methylacrylat und Äthylacrylat gepfropfter Wolle mit kleinem Pfropfungsgrad höher als bei natürlicher Wolle, aber bei höherem Pfropfungsgrad nahm sie ab. Bei mit Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat gepfropften Proben veränderte sich die thermische Stabilität gegenüber der von natürlicher Wolle kaum.
    Notes: Thermal behaviour of natural wool and wool grafted with methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, and methylmethacrylate was studied using dynamic thermogravimetry in air up to a temperature of 575°C at a heating rate of 6°C per minute. The thermal stabilities of the samples grafted to various percentages of graft-on were compared from their initial decomposition temperature (IDT), their integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), and their activation energy values for decomposition. The thermal stability was found to be better in methyl- and ethylacrylate grafted wool with low graft-on as compared to that of natural wool; but at higher graft-on thermal stability decreased. In butylacrylate and methylmethacrylate grafted samples, thermal stability did not change significantly as compared to that of natural wool.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 42 (1975), S. 21-30 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Röntgenbeugung wurden Wollproben untersucht, die mit Methylacrylat, äthylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat gepfropft worden waren. Die Hauptreflexionen der Wolle blieben unbeeinflußt. Das Verhältnis der Höhe beider Intensitätspeaks wuchs mit dem Gehalt an Pfropfpolymeren und zeigte eine Zunahme des Ordnungsgrades an. Die mittlere Kristallitgröße stieg auch mit der Pfropfung an und ergab bei den gepfropften Fasern ein engeres Spektrum an Ordnung.
    Notes: X-ray diffraction of wool graft-copolymerized with methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, n-butylacrylate and methylmethacrylate monomers was studied taking equatorial scans using an x-ray diffractometer. The prominent reflection arcs of wool remained unaffected by grafting as was evident from the x-ray photographs. The ratio of the two intensity peak heights increased with the percentage graft-on indicating an increase in the degree of order. The average crystallite size also increased with grafting showing a narrower spectrum of order in the case of grafted fibres.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 37 (1974), S. 177-186 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige physikalische Eigenschaften von mit Methylacrylat, Äthylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat gepfropfter Wolle wurden untersucht. Durch die Pfropfung läß;t die Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme beträchtlich nach, die Dichte nimmt auch ab nach einem anfänglichen Anstieg bei kleinem Pfropfungsgrad. Durch Pfropfung mit Polymeren mit niedriger Glastemperatur steigen Bruchdehnung, Anfangsmodul und das elastische Rückstellvermögen an; das gegenteilige Verhalten wird bei Pfropfung mit Polymeren mit hoher Glastemperatur gefunden. Die dynamisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften werden ebenfalls angegeben.
    Notes: Some physical properties of the graft copolymers of wool with acrylate monomers namely, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, n-butylacrylate and methylmethacrylate are investigated. The results show that the moisture regain decreases considerably after grafting; the density also decreases after an initial increase at low percentage of polymer deposition. With the grafting of low Tg polymers the breaking elongation increases, initial modulus decreases and elastic recovery increases; a reverse trend is found with the grafting of high Tg polymers. The dynamic mechanical properties of all grafted samples are also reported.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 35 (1974), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wollfasern wurden mit Methylacrylat, äthylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat zu verschiedenen Pfropfungsgraden unter Stickstoffatmosphäre gepfropft, wobei Cer-ammoniumnitrat in Salpetersäure als Initiator diente. Der Einfluß von Initiator-, Säure-, Monomerkonzentration, Temperatur und Pfropfungsdauer wurde untersucht. Es ergab sich die folgende Reaktivitätsreihe der Monomeren: Methylacrylat 〉 äthylacrylat 〉 Methylmethacrylat 〉 n-Butylacrylat. Die Molekulargewichte der Pfröpflinge wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: Wool fibres were grafted with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and methylmethacrylate to various percentages of grafting in nitrogen atmosphere using ceric ammonium nitrate in nitric acid as initiator. The effects of concentration of the initiator, acid, monomer, temperature and time on the grafting were investigated. A comparison of such results indicated the following reactivity order of monomers: methyl acrylate 〉 ethyl acrylate 〉 methylmethacrylate 〉 n-butyl acrylate. The molecular weights of the grafts were investigated by isolating the grafts from the fibres.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 25 (1972), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Oberflächeneigenschaften eines synthetischen Copolymeren wurden nach der modifizierten WILHELMY-Methode an Luft/Wasser und an Öl/Wasser untersucht. Das Zahlenmittel des Molekulargewichts und die thermodynamischen Parameter wurden ermittelt. Eine erhöhte Flexibilität der Makromoleküle an der Öl/Wasser- Oberfläche wurde beobachtet.
    Notes: The interfacial properties of a synthetic copolymer have been investigated, both at air/water (A/W) and at oil/water (O/W) interfaces, utilizing modified WILHELMY plate method. The number average molecular weight and the thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. The increased flexibility of the macromolecular chain at oil/water interface has been observed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 60-68 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An Auger sputter profile across the SiO2/Si interface is analysed by means of factor analysis (FA). As compared to conventional treatments of Auger data, more information is obtained in this way. In particular, the L2,3VV spectrum and the depth distribution of silicon atoms in an oxygen-deficient situation with respect to the silicon dioxide stoichiometry are provided, thereby allowing a closer insight into the chemistry of this system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktion des ȮH-Radikals mit einigen Carbon- und Hydroxycarbonsäuren wurde untersucht, indem die resultierenden Radikale als Endgruppen von Poly(methylmethacrylat) lokalisiert und mit Hilfe einer empfindlichen Farbstoffverteilungsmethode abgeschätzt wurden. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Reaktion bei 25°C und pH = 1,0 mit Ameisen-, Propion-, Butter-, Valerian-, Milch- und Weinsäure wurden bestimmt. Die Zunahme der Reaktivität mit wachsender Kettenläge wird durch die abnehmende Deaktivierung der CH2-Gruppe, an der die H-Abstraktion erfolgt, durch die vorhergehende COOH-Gruppe erklärt. Die größere Aktivität der Ameisensäure im Vergleich zur Essig- und Propionsäure sowie die größere Aktivität der Milchsäure im Vergleich zur Propionsäure werden durch die höhere Elektronendichte am Ort der H-Abstraktion erklärt.
    Notes: The reaction of the OH radical with some carboxylic and hydroxycarboxylic acids was investigated by trapping the resultant radicals as endgroups of poly(methyl methacrylate), which were detected and estimated by the sensitive dye partition technique. The rate constants of the reaction at 25°C and pH = 1.0 with formic, propionic, butyric, valeric, lactic, and tartaric acids were determined. The increasing reactivity of the acids with increasing chain length is explained by the decreasing deactivation of the CH2 group, from which H-abstraction occurs, by the preceding COOH group. The higher reactivity of formic acid than acetic or propionic acid, and the higher reactivity of lactic acid than propionic acid are explained by the increased electron density at the site of H-abstraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 691-699 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A search has been made for electroinitiators of postpolymerization. A number of hydroxycarboxylic acids and some of their sodium salts have been found to be quite efficient. Factors controlling the rate of polymerization and yield have been described. Surprisingly, citric acid, though not an electroinitiator of polymerization, is a good initiator of postpolymerization. Other active species that deserve mention are tartaric acid and its salts. A free radical mechanism involving formation of oligomeric initiator fragments, growth by attachment of imbibed monomer, and termination by chain transfer has been proposed to explain the observed facts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 181-183 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1073-1087 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aqueous solutions of methyl and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are known to gel upon heating. These gels are completely reversible in that they are formed upon heating yet will liquefy upon cooling. The precipitation temperature, gelation temperature, and gel strength of these methylcellulose solutions were determined as a function of molecular weight, degree of methyl and hydroxypropyl substitution, concentration, and presence of additives. The precipitation temperature of these polymer solutions decreases initially with increasing concentration until a critical concentration is reached above which the precipitation temperature is little affected by concentration changes. The incipient gelation temperature decreases linearly with concentration. The strength of these gels is time dependent, increases with increasing molecular weight, decreases with increasing hydroxypropyl substitution, and depends on the nature of additives. Hydrophobe-hydrophobe interaction or micellar interaction is postulated to be the cause of gelation. This thermal gelation property of the polymers is utilized in many end uses including food, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, tobacco, and other industrial applications.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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