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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The miscibility of polymers: Interaction parameter for polybutadiene with polystyreneThe experiments reported here were performed under the sponsorship of The Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command, U. S. Air Force. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1499-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have measured the solubility of mixtures of polybutadiene and polystyrene in toluene, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride, using polymers of various molecular weights and mixed in various proportions. The equations developed by Maron for solutions of nonelectrolytes have been modified for three components and for solutions of low molecular weight polymers at high concentrations. The application of these equations has provided estimates of the polymer-polymer interaction parameters χ23. The polymer-solvent interaction parameters χ12 and χ13 apparently are functions of the concentration and are not readily obtained from the present limited data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070427
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum Modeling of the CVD of transition metal materialsThe study of model CVD reactions was initiated by grants from the University of Memphis (UM) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. More recently, support has come from the National Science Foundation (CHE-9314792 and CHE-9614346). This CVD research has resulted primarily from the hard work of many UM undergraduate and graduate students. Stimulating discussions with experimental collaborators has added, and continues to add, much to our appreciation of CVD. S.S. thanks Dr. Laura Armesto, Dean of Arts and Sciences, for her support. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Vapor Deposition 3 (1997), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Chemical vapor deposition ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecular orbital theory ; Organometallics ; Transition metals ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Quantum mechanical studies of the decomposition pathways of model OMCVD precursors are analyzed, in particular kinetic trends as a function of OMCVD precursors components-metal (M), element (E), ancillary ligands (Ln), element substituents (Z), transfer group (At) and leaving group (X), 1. Based on geometric and energetic effects it is possible to further subdivide these components into three groups: active site (M, E), participants (At, X), and spectators (Ln, Z). Considerable progress has been made over the past several years, although many challenges remain in quantum modeling of transition metal materials and reactions pertinent to their CVD from volatile organometallics. Computational improvements in methods and technology are briefly discussed in relation to quantum modeling of OMCVD precursor structure and reactivity. Future directions are considered in which to more closely integrate the results of quantum modeling of OMCVD reactions with other aspects in this diverse research area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.19970030405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of isobutene using radioactive methyl chloride (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 45 (1960), S. 227-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204514523
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of isobutene at ultra low temperatures (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 45 (1960), S. 229-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204514524
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamental studies on cationic polymerizationsParts of this paper have been presented at the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Montreal, Canada, July, 1961. i. the inversion temperature (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 55 (1961), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The low-temperature AlCl3-initiated polymerization of isobutene has been investigated. Direct evidence of the occurrence of chain-breaking reactions is presented. The polymer molecular weight can be affected by changes in reaction temperature between -35 and -78°C. at the same conversion level. The discovery of inversion temperature (Ti) is described. At Ti, the molecular weight becomes independent of monomer concentration. We call Ti the temperature level at which the dependence of product molecular weight on the monomer concentration changes its sign. The inversion temperature has been observed in methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, and vinyl chloride, and vinyl choride diluents. A theory explaining the phenomenon is postulated. It is suggested that competing chain breaking process having dissimilar activation energies determine the molecular weight. Their effects cancel each other at Ti. The previously reported, unusual inverse relation existing between molecular weight and monomer concentration is explained by the concept of Ti.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205516130
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional changes in plasma-deposited fluorocarbon films during ageing (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 498-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: plasma polymers ; fluorocarbons ; oxidation ; ageing ; surface restructuring ; XPS ; FTIR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Plasma polymer coatings were deposited from perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane (PFDMCH) and their composition and surface properties studied by XPS, grazing-angle Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurements as a function of time after fabrication as they were stored under ambient conditions for more than 2 years. The spontaneous ambient oxidation of PFDMCH plasma polymers was found to be a multi-step process. The rapid initial oxygen uptake, assigned to reaction between carbon-centred radicals incorporated into the coating during deposition and in-diffusing atmospheric O2, was similar to that of plasma polymers deposited from hydrocarbon-based monomers (alkanes, alkylamines, alcohols), suggesting that the density of radicals incorporated during deposition was similar. Subsequently, however, the extent of oxidation was much lower for PFDMCH coatings. This can be attributed to the lack of availability of hydrogen abstraction reactions, which are important for radical propagation in hydrocarbon-based plasma polymers. While XPS recorded a continuous incorporation of oxygen for more than 2 years, the air/water contact angles decreased only during the first 2 months and on further storage remained stable. There appeared to be only a small extent of surface restructuring as assessed from the small depth variations of compositions. The surface was enriched in CF3 groups at all times. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of the Nitrogen 1s and Oxygen 1s XPS Binding Energies with Compositional Changes During Oxidation of Ethylene Diamine Plasma Polymers (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 611-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the course of plasma deposition of organic-polymeric thin films, radicals are incorporated into the growing film. These radicals initiate spontaneous oxidation reactions that continue over many weeks when the plasma polymers are stored in air. The resultant changes to the composition with time were monitored by XPS for ethylene diamine plasma polymer samples in order to improve understanding of the products of the oxidative reactions. The broadness of all the peaks, and the multitude of functional groups expected to be present, precluded the obtainment of detailed compositional information by curve fitting for components, but shifts in the binding energies (BEs) of the N 1s and O 1s peaks with time provided useful evidence of compositional changes. As the oxygen content of the plasma polymer increased upon oxidation, the binding energy of the N 1s photoelectrons increased from 399.1 to 399.8 eV. Concurrently, the amount of nitrogen in relation to carbon (N/C) decreased from 0.42 to 0.34. As the nitrogen content of the plasma polymer decreased, the binding energy of the O 1s photoelectrons increased from 531.1 to 531.8 eV. The BE values and their shifts with time/compositional changes suggested that the oxidation process predominantly caused oxidation of the carbon atoms that had amine groups attached to them, leading to the formation of amide groups and perhaps also some imides.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of Surface Topography in the XPS Analysis of Curved or Rough Samples Covered by Thin Multilayers (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; coating thickness ; global analysis ; multilayers ; curvature ; roughness ; atomic force microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Approaches are described for the analysis of XPS signals from samples comprising thin conformal coatings on substrates with non-ideal surface topography. In particular, attention is focused on arbitrarily shaped rough or curved substrates. Relations are derived for the relative x-ray photoelectron intensities emitted from various elements in such non-ideal samples. The surface topography of arbitrarily rough samples is analysed by atomic force microscopy to provide a frequency histogram of the local slopes, which is incorporated into a global, multi-element analysis method for interpretation of the observed XPS elemental intensities. An analogous approach is used for the analysis of curved samples. Our algorithms also enable simultaneous analysis of successively coated multilayer structures. When the elemental composition of the individual layers is known, the fit procedure enables determination of the thickness values of single-layer and multilayer coatings. The range of validity of the theory is discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial structure factor analysis of neutron reflectometry from spread monolayers of isotactic polymethyl methacrylate (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 44 (1993), S. 184-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Neutron reflectivity data for isotactic polymethyl methacrylate monolayers spread at the air-water interface have been analysed using the kinematic approximation. For surface concentrations up to 1.0 mg m-2 the data are well modelled by a uniform layer of thickness circa 20Å. Water may be uniformly dispersed throughout the film. However, to obtain agreement with the experimental reflectivities, a proportion of air must be included in the film which agrees with the findings of an earlier optical matrix type analysis. For surface concentration above 1 mg m-2, the uniform layer model does not reproduce the surface concentrations and the data is better fitted by a layer with a Gaussian distribution of segments in the aqueous phase. The benefits of the kinematic approximation are that an insight into the organisation of polymers at the air-water interface can be obtained rapidly without the need for detailed fitting procedures inherent in the use of optical matrix methods.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1993.010440403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion of aromatic heterocyclic polymers in salt solution (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2965-2978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The addition of lithium chloride to solutions of poly(5,5′-bibenzimidazole-2,2′-diyl-1,3-phenylene) (PBI) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) resulted in the elongation of the PBI molecule in solution. This elongation is due to the association of lithium and/or chloride ions in the region of the nitrogen atoms on the polymer chain. The presence of these ions expands the polymer chain by means of electrostatic repulsion. This effect was reflected in the results of the conductivity and viscosity studies. In general, LiCl can be used for both increased solubility and increased viscosity for this system. A ratio of 0.125 g LiCl/gram PBI was determined to be the optimum amount of LiCl to be added. This amount corresponds to mole of LiCl for every mole of PBI repeat unit. The PBI molecule was determined to have entanglements in concentrated solution at every 27 or 28 molecules along the polymer chain. This length between the entanglements is very low in comparison to other polymers indicating a strongly matrixed system. The chain length between entanglements was approximately the same for both PBI-DMAC and PBI-LiCl solutions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221022
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