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  • 1
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: short duplex DNA ; sequence-dependent hybridization reactions ; sequence-dependent melting stability ; oligomers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many important applications of DNA sequence-dependent hybridization reactions have recently emerged. This has sparked a renewed interest in analytical calculations of sequence-dependent melting stability of duplex DNA. In particular, for many applications it is often desirable to accurately predict the transition temperature, or tm, of short duplex DNA oligomers (∼ 20 base pairs or less) from their sequence and concentration. The thermodynamic analytical method underlying these predictive calculations is based on the nearest-neighbor model. At least 11 sets of nearest-neighbor sequence-dependent thermodynamic parameters for DNA have been published. These sets are compared. Use of the nearest-neighbor sets in predicting tm from the DNA sequence is demonstrated, and the ability of the nearest-neighbor parameters to provide accurate predictions of experimental tm's of short duplex DNA oligomers is assessed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 44: 217-239, 1997
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Permalloy ; MOCVD ; Ferromagnetic thin films ; Magnetoresistance ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thin films of elemental iron and nickel, plus a wide composition range of iron-nickel alloys, have been deposited by atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition at a growth temperature of 200°C, using iron pentacarbonyl and nickel tetracarbonyl as the source precursors. Detailed magnetoresistance measurements of the permalloy layers showed that the maximum value of magnetoresistance occurred at a composition of approximately 90 % Ni10 % Fe, and the maximum sensitivity occurred at approximately 80 % Ni20 % Fe, in accordance with literature values. In addition, both the application of an 80 mT magnetic field during deposition and the annealing of samples at temperatures higher than the growth temperature of 200°C improved the magnetic properties.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of particles, derived from metals commonly used in joint prostheses, on chondrocyte proliferation, metabolism, and morphology in vitro. Chondrocyte viability was influenced by the type and concentration of metal particle added. Cobalt was toxic to chondrocytes at all particle concentrations (0.83-0.000083%, v/v), whereas the chromium, titanium and titanium-aluminum particles only effected chondrocyte viability at high concentrations. The metabolic response of chondrocytes to particulate debris as assessed by caseinase, collagenase, and hexosaminidase activities were variable at low concentrations but were always reduced at high concentrations (0.83% v/v). Prostaglandin E2 levels in the medium showed a steady increase when particle load increased, except in the medium of chondrocytes exposed to titanium-aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy of chondrocytes exposed to titanium showed ruffled cell borders and frequent membrane blebbings. This was in contrast to chondrocytes exposed to cobalt, where the crenated appearance indicated cell death, and titanium-aluminum, where the cells appeared quiescent. These findings show that metal particles alter chondrocyte viability and metabolism and suggest that particulate debris may influence the integrity and stability of articular cartilage following hemiarthroplasty. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 163-175 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: ULSI ; high dielectric constant ; metal oxides ; deposition ; annealing ; characterisation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Flims of metal oxides, such as Ta2O5, Nb2O5, Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 have been fabricated by use of different precursor materials, deposition techniques and annealing techniques. Several analytical methods were applied to study the layers. New data of fundamental properties of these metal oxides are reported and related to practical features that are of importance in device design and manufacturing of advanced, highly integrated devices. This overview may facilitate the choice of an optimal combination of precursor material, deposition technique and corresponding annealing procedure for a specific application of these metal oxide films in microelectronics.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 1 (1992), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: LPCVD ; Tantalum pentoxide ; High dielectric constant ; ULSI devices ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: A laminar flow low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) system (LAM IntegrityTM) has been used to deposit tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) from Ta(OEt)5 films in the presence of oxygen (O2) at 470 °C at a typical deposition rate of 4 nm min-1. Uniformities of 〈1.5% (SD 1σ) over a 150 mm silicon substrate were obtained. The layers were annealed under different conditions. It was discovered that the films did not change their stoichiometry as determined by Rutherford backscattering (RBS). The as-deposited films were amorphous but became crystalline (β-Ta2O5) at temperatures 〉 700 °C. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results on crystallisation behaviour were supported by X-ray diffraction data. The electrical properties of the Ta2O5 films have been characterised using MIS (metal/insulator/silicon) capacitor structures. Leakage values of 〈10-6 A cm-2 at 6 MV cm-1 equivalent applied electric field and breakdown strengths of 〉7 MV cm-1 at 1.6 μA were obtained for annealed layers. Compound dielectric constants (native silicon oxide thickness of about 2.5 nm plus Ta2O5 of various thicknesses) between 14 and 〉30 have been measured. The electrical properties reveal the potential use of Ta2O5 as a storage capacitor dielectric in 64 and 256 Mbit DRAM (dynamic random access memory) devices.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 2191-2193 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 166-177 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Zinc ; Complexation ; Seawater ; Rainwater ; Pseudopolarogram ; Trace metal ; Voltammetry ; Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry ; Complexometric titration ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel electrochemical method is described for the examination of metal-organic complexation in natural waters. The technique is based upon the comparison of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) ‘pseudopolarograms’ (current vs. deposition potential plots) for natural samples with those obtained for metal complexation with selected ‘model’ binding ligands at constant ionic strength. For electrochemically active zinc species in seawater, the pseudopolarogram approach allowed the estimation of thermodynamic stability constants (KML) within a stability constant window of approximately 104-106 M-1 up to ≥ 1015 M-1. For a natural rainwater sample, the pseudopolarogram indicated only one zinc class, probably a mixture of ‘free’ and/or inorganically complexed species. In an application to a coastal seawater sample, three species were identified: (1) weakly complexed, log KZnL = 4.14 ± 0.92 M-1; (2) moderately complexed, log KZnL = 7.77 ± 0.62 M-1; (3) strongly complexed, log KZnL = 11.45 ± 0.95 M-1. Results are compared to those obtained using complexometric titration with SWASV at a thin mercury film-glassy carbon rotating disk (TMF-GCRD) electrode. The latter detected a single strong complexing ligand (or ligand class), with [L′] = 15.25 ± 0.04 nM and log K′ZnL ≥ 10.9 M-1.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 645-653 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this work is to use dynamic histomorphometry to evaluate the basic biological mechanisms by which hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) implant coatings accelerate bone formation rates. Twenty-five rabbits had an HA/TCP coated cylindrical titanium fiber metal mesh implant surgically placed in the subchondral bone of the proximal tibia and a noncoated implant placed in the contralateral tibia. Twenty-two of these animals had HA/TCP coated cylindrical solid titanium implants placed in the distal femur and an uncoated implant placed in te contraleteral femur. The animals were double labeled with vital stains, and sacrificed at 3, 6, 16, or 26 weeks after surgery. Histomorphometric analyses were done of the bone implant interfaces. Both static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters indicate that HA/TCP coatings stimulate faster bone ingrowth to coated fiber metal implants through the early production of woven bone and by subsequent rapid lamellar bone formation rates. Coated fiber metal implants demonstrated significantly more bone ingrowth than noncoated implants through 16 weeks postimplatatin, but not by 26 weeks, In solid implants, the differences between coated and noncoated implants are less pronouned and not statistically significant, although there is a trend toward increased bone appostion to the surface of the implants over the first 16 weeks following implantation. The clinical significance of these results is that coated implants may allow earlier return to normal weightbearing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: titanium alloy ; particulate debris ; total joint arthroplasty ; monocytes/macrophages ; cytokines ; SDS-PAGE ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This study tested whether macrophages respond differently to retrieved titanium-alloy particles than they do to machined titanium-alloy particles and assessed whether pretreatment of machined titanium-alloy particles with human serum would influence macrophage activation and cytokine release in vitro. Human monocyte/macrophages were isolated from normal healthy donors and exposed to increasing concentrations of machined and retrieved titanium-alloy particles. The profile of cytokine release was determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Machined titanium-alloy particles were opsonized with human serum and added to macrophage cultures. Serum protein binding was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The results showed that machined titanium-alloy particles and retrieved titanium-alloy particles stimulate a similar level of cytokine release when tested at comparable concentrations. Opsonization of the machined particles with human serum increased the macrophage release of cytokines in the first 12 h after exposure compared to nonopsonized particles. At 24 h, the opsonized particles stimulated significantly higher levels of cytokine release, but only at the greatest particle concentrations. This study demonstrates that machined titanium alloy induces a metabolic response in macrophages similar to that of titanium-alloy particles retrieved from failed total hip arthroplasty. In addition, these data show that serum protein binding to orthopedic biomaterial debris alters the macrophage reaction to the particles. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 371-376, 1998.
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