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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (3)
  • TIMS  (2)
  • sulfur dioxide  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam treatment of stack gases
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Physics and Chemistry 25 (1985), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0146-5724
    Keywords: NO"x ; Pollution control ; SO"2 ; coal ; electric utility ; electron beam ; environment ; nitrogen oxides ; sulfur dioxide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0146-5724(85)90247-X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ebara electron beam process for flue gas cleanup: Plant test results and future development
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Radiation Applications & Instrumentation. Part C, 31 (1988), S. 57-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1359-0197
    Keywords: Pollution control ; coal ; electric utility ; electron beam ; environment ; nitrogen dioxide ; nitrogen oxides ; sulfur dioxide ; sulfur dioxide ; test plant ; test results
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1359-0197(88)90109-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate? (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Manganese nodules ; Thorium dating ; Uranium isotopes ; Peru basin ; TIMS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution 230Thexcess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (230Th), 0.43-1.40 ppm (232Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (234U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (238U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the 230Thexcess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant 230Thexcess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050098
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB). I. A general method for grafting mesogenic oligo-PHB to oligomers (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1109-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for grafting oligo-(p-hydroxybenzoic acid) to carboxyl-functional oligomers or polymers to give copolymers having mesogenic side chains was developed. The method employs dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to promote esterification of PHB at mild temperatures and to remove water. Pyridine is used as solvent, and catalytic amounts of p-TSA are added to suppress side reactions. Grafting efficiencies are estimated to range from 74 to 90%. Ungrafted oligo-PHB and other by-products are readily removed. Structure assignments were supported by IR,1H-NMR, GPC, DSC and model compound studies. The method appears capable of grafting oligo-PHB side chains to any pyridine soluble oligomer or polymer having carboxyl groups and no other reactive groups that could interfere.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250417
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclization during polyesterification: Isolation of an 18-member ring compound from reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2517-2520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410951
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-grafting of oligoesters based on terephthalic acid and linear diols for high solids coatings (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1609-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oligomers derived from terephthalic acid and 1,6-hexanediol or 1,10-decanediol have been chemically modified through end-grafting with succinic anhydride or trimellitic anhydride followed by glycidyl neodecanoate. The grafted oligomers are paste-like semisolids or viscous liquids at room temperature. As the grafted oligomers are heated, their viscosity goes down to a minimum, then up to a maximum, and then down again. Combined DSC, crossed polarizing microscopy, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction indicate that the grafted oligomers form crystalline domains dispersed in amorphous phase. The grafted oligomers are soluble in common organic solvents, such as toluene, at lower concentrations (〈14-51 wt %) and form stable dispersions at higher concentrations. High solid coatings formulated with mel-amine or isocyanate resins gave glossy films with excellent combined hardness and impact resistance. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced reactivity of melamine-formaldehyde resins by fractionation. Crosslinking at ambient temperature (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1903-1909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A commercial hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) resin was fractionated (1) by crystallization of the hexane-soluble fraction from hexane and (2) by partitioning the hexane-soluble and hexane-Insoluble fractions between alumina and various solvents. Crystallization afforded hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine (1) of 90 to 95% purity. Partitioning afforded 12 fractions with altered proportions of polar and nonpolar species; the least polar fraction was spectroscopically and chromatographically similar to the crystallized material. Relative reactivities of certain fractions were estimated by 1H NMR studies of the rates of reaction with neopentyl alcohol in the presence of catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). It was found that the reactivity of fractions, rich in less-polar species, was substantially greater than that of the commercial HMMM resin, whereas reactivity of fractions, rich in polar species, was less. Reactivity was especially enhanced by removal of all active hydrogen species, notably those containing NH groups. A practical consequence of this result was that fully formylated and alkylated melamine resins could crosslink with polyols at substantially lower temperatures than the commercial HMMM resin, which contained NH groups. Therefore, room-temperature crosslinking was feasible.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070451105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline acrylic copolymers for high-solids enamel coatings (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1063-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Carboxyl functional liquid crystalline (LC) acrylic copolymers were synthesized and were compared with carboxyl functional control copolymers of M̄n about 5000-15,000. Both types were crosslinked with a hexakismethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) resin at 150°C, a temperature below the clearing points of the LC copolymers. Birefringent phases were visible in the crosslinked films made from LC polymers. FT-IR indicated the presence of unreacted COOH in all crosslinked materials. Unreacted COOH groups in crosslinked LC copolymers appeared only slightly higher than those in crosslinked amorphous copolymers. The potential utility of these LC copolymers as binders for thermosetting coatings was assessed. Variables studied were HMMM content, the length of PHBA grafts, Tg and M̄n of the acrylic copolymer backbone, and functionality. Optimum LC copolymers have low backbone Tg (〈O°C) and low functionality (〈 7.5 mol %). Cured films of such copolymers have both high hardness (〉 35 KHN), high impact resistance (〉 80 in. ib), excellent adhesion, and good solvent resistance.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370418
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binders for higher-solids coatings. IV. Liquid-crystalline acrylic lacquers (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 141-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A previously reported synthetic procedure was used to graft oligo-p-hydroxybenzoic acid (oligo-PHBA) to COOH-functional acrylic copolymers. Most of the products were side-chain LC copolymers. Length of the mesogenic oligo-PHBA groups averaged up to five aromatic rings per group. Because these long mesogenic groups have a strong tendency to form LC domains, it was possible to prepare LC side-chain copolymers having as little as 5 mol % of mesogenic monomer. Thus this synthetic procedure provides a versatile route for exploration of the properties of LC copolymers having relatively few but especially effective mesogenic groups. The potential utility of such LC copolymers as binders for nonbake coatings was assessed. Variables studied were molecular weight and Tg of the acrylic copolymer backbone, number and average length of oligo-PHBA segments, and the presence or absence of a flexible spacer between the acrylic backbone and the PHBA segments. Optimum LC copolymers have moderate (15,000-30,000) Mn, low (-10°C) backbone Tg, and low (5-7.5 mol %) population of long (5 PHBA units) oligo-PHBA units. Such copolymers have two major advantages as coatings binders: They form concentrated, stable, low-viscosity dispersions in common solvents, a very desirable characteristic for application. Coating films have excellent adhesion to metal, and they have an extraordinary combination of hardness (H-2H) and impact resistance (〉 80 in. Ib). These properties are key indicators of coating performance and indicate that LC copolymers have excellent potential for use as binders for nonbake coatings. Other properties remain to be investigated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological behavior of solutions of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers in mixed solvents (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1927-1938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A descriptive model was developed, using viscometry and light scattering, that explains the anomalous rheological behavior of solutions of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers upon the addition of water. The rheological behavior can be explained by considering the relative magnitudes of three interactions: the intra-and intermolecular electrostatic interactions between the ionizable acid groups in the copolymer, the intramolecular hydrophobic in-teractions, and the intermolecular hydrophobic interactions. The initial addition of water enhances the ionization of the acid groups, causing the electrostatic interactions between the acid groups to dominate the other two interactions. This leads to expansion of the polymer molecules and, consequently, to a relatively constant viscosity during dilution with water. Upon attaining the maximum ionization of the acid groups on the chain, the intra-molecular hydrophobic interactions dominate the electrostatic repulsion, and the chains start to contract. Further addition of water leads to aggregation of the polymer chains into large polymolecular domains, resulting in a sharp decrease in the viscosity. Intermolecular hydrophobic interactions dominate the rheological behavior in this stage of water dilution. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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