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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory and individual behavior of first-price auctions (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 1 (1988), S. 61-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: auctions ; bidding theory ; experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract First-price auction theory is extended to the case of heterogeneous bidders characterized byM-parameter log-concave utility functions. This model, and its specific two-parameter constant relative risk averse special case, is generally supported by the results of 47 experiments. The one-parameter special case that comprises most of the theoretical literature is not supported by the experiments. One anomaly for the two-parameter model is that too many of the subjects exhibit positive (or negative) intercepts in their linear estimated bid functions. Accordingly, we develop a specific three-parameter model, which introduces a utility of winning, and a threshold utility of surplus. The new model, tested directly by introducing lump-sum payments or charges for winning, is not falsified by the new experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055565
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inducing risk-neutral preferences: Further analysis of the data (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 11 (1995), S. 65-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: lottery payoffs ; auctions ; experimental economics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The lottery payoff procedure does not successfully induce risk-neutral bidding behavior in first-price, sealedbid auctions. This conclusion follows from both ordinary-least-squares estimation with natural data and leastabsolute-deviation estimation with transformed data from numerous experimental designs. Lottery payoffs do not succeed in inducing behavior predicted from standard expected utility theory assumptions or from assumed utility from winning and/or income thresholds. In contrast, first-price auction experiments with monetary payoffs yield results that are consistent with general models of bidding in the independent private values information environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132731
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow injection determination of methionine with amperometric detection at a stable modified electrode (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 3 (1991), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A glassy carbon electrode that is modified by electrodeposition of a film comprising mixed valence ruthenium oxide stabilized by cyano crosslinlks catalyzes the oxidation of methionine at 0.92 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A linear calibration curve is obtained for flow injection amperometry over the range 0.6-180 μM with a 0.2 M K2SO4 carrier at pH 2, a 7.5 μL sample volume, and a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The sensitivity is 20 ± 0.3 nA/μM at a 0.07 cm2 electrode. With a single surface preparation, the sensitivity of the method remains constant over more than 3 weeks with daily use. The method also was used with carriers of the composition of common liquid chromatographic eluents such as various citrate-phosphate mixtures and a 0.1 M chloroacetic acid solution at pH 3.0 in 1% acetonitrile.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030317
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical oxidation and determination of heparin at electrodes modified with ruthenium oxide or copper oxide (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 675-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Heparin ; Modified electrodes ; Electrocatalysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical oxidation of full-size heparin (13-15 kDa) is demonstrated in 1 M H3PO4 at a glassy carbon electrode coated with a ruthenium oxide film. The pathway apparently is analogous to chemical oxidation by periodate. By comparison to currents from inorganic species, it is apparent that only about 2 electrons per mole are involved. Flow injection analysis (FIA) allowed determinations down to 2 μM heparin, but the calibration plot was nonlinear. Low molecular weight heparin (5-6 kDa) was not electroactive with this system. In basic solution at a glassy carbon electrode that is modified with a film of Cu2O, both full-size and low molecular weight heparin are oxidized. The pathways involved oxidative desulfation and attack on saccharide units with evolution of CO2. Linear calibration plots which extended into the sub-μM level were obtained by FIA. The detection limits, which were based on a value of 3 for the ratio of the signal to the standard deviation of replicates, were 9 nM for full-size and 20-30 nM for various low molecular weight heparin samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140090903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a living polymer mixture by use of small-molecule gel permeation chromatography (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 821-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A procedure is presented for determining the concentration of polymer lithium, alkyllithium, and monomer by use of small-molecule GPC. The system poly(styryllithium), butyllithium, styrene, and benzene are used to illustrate the method. The method as presented has a lower limit on the direct measurement of butyllithium concentration of 0.00005 molar. If the total carbon-bound lithium is to be determined, the limit can be appreciably lowered. The styrenebenzene separation was obtained for concentration ratios of 1:5 or greater. Several suggestions are presented for improving these analyses.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190318
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-injection amperometry of cysteine and glutathione at an electrode modified with a ruthenium-containing inorganic film (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 2 (1990), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A film that contains ruthenium oxide of mixed valences and cyanide (mvRuCN) on a glassy carbon electrode promotes the diffusion-controlled oxidation of cysteine and glutathione at 0.92 V vs. Ag/AgCl. These mediated oxidations allow the determination of these thiols by flow-injection amperometry in pH 2 solutions of 0.2 or 0.02 M K2SO4. Calibration curves are linear over about three orders of magnitude, and detection limits are in the submicromolar range with 7.5 μL injections. The sensitivity for cysteine is about 50 nA/μM with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The throughput calculated on the basis of peak widths was 140 samples/h. Experimentally, with a manual injector, 60 samples/h were routinely analyzed. The sensitivity for glutathione in 0.2 M K2SO4 at pH 2 is somewhat lower, 36 nA/μM. A single electrode was used for hundreds of injections over a 2-week period with no change in sensitivity. The mvRuCN-coated electrode is operated in a potentiostatic mode; reactivation of the surface between series of experiments was not necessary. The electrode was stored at open circuit in contact with an electrolyte solution when not in use.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140020205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroanalysis with electrodes modified by inorganic films (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 3 (1991), S. 869-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Modified electrodes ; electroanalysis ; electrocatalysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroanalytical utility of electrodes modified with inorganic films is reviewed. Various types of inorganic layers (metal oxides, polynuclear transition metal cyanides, zeolites, metal porphyrins and phthalocyanines) are assessed. Various detection schemes based on these modified surfaces are described in 129 references.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140030902
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polishable composite electrode based upon graphite powder modified with an electrochemically deposited catalyst (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 6 (1994), S. 976-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Modified electrodes ; Electrocatalysis ; Ruthenium ; Nitrosamines ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A polishable bulk-modified electrode is described that contains polymeric-mixed valent ruthenium oxide with cyano cross-links (mvRuCN) as a catalyst. Because mvRuCN is not available as an isolated compound, it was electropolymerized on graphite powder that was subsequently formed into a conducting composite with epoxy. Except for promoting oxidations at a more positive potential, this composite behaved the same as mvRuCN films on glassy carbon. Electrocatalytic oxidation of various N-nitrosamines, As(III), glutathione, isotocin, and myoglobin was observed. Flow-injection analysis of 50 μM N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine with amperometric detection at the bulk-modified composite electrode yielded currents of 2.5 ± 0.1 μA (5 trials) when the carrier solution is pH 1.5 phosphate buffer. The use of a micellar carrier,pH 1.5 phosphate buffer in 0.01 M hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, decreased the sensitivity of the flow-injection amperometric determination of N-nitrosodi-n-phenylamine by 50%, but otherwise, the behavior of the electrode was unchanged. The major advantages of the bulk-modified electrode over the surface-modified electrode jras the long-term stability (at least several months with dry storage) and polishability. Regarding trie latter, 19 replicates of the oxidation of As(III) yielded a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the current response of 3% when the surface was polished between each trial.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140061110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state amperometric sensors for gas phase analytes: A review of recent advances (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Amperometric sensor ; Gas analysis ; Solid electrolytes ; Modified electrodes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A review is geven on solid-state amperometric sensors designed for the detection of gaseous analytes. Attention is geven primarily to sensors used in the absence of a bulk liquid phase that have been reported in the literature since 1992, although a historical perspective is presented. The review is limited to sensors employing solid polymer electrolytes, transition metal powders, and inorganic materials prepared by sol-gel processes as the solid-state electrylyte. The wide applicability of solid atate sensors to gas phase species is demonstrated through numerous examples. Analytes determined include O2, H2, CO, NO2, NH3, and SO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140090202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltammetric characterization and determination of thallium(III,I) at a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film containing iridium oxide (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclic voltammetry of a 0.1 mM PdCl2, 0.2 mM Na2IrCl6 0.2 M K2SO4 mixture at a glassy carbon electrode results in the gradual accumulation of a film, which contains Pd(II) and iridium oxide, that promotes the quasi-reversible oxidation of Tl(I). Cyclic voltammetry at 5 mV/s yields a peak potential difference of 35 mV at the modified electrode and about 700 mV at bare glassy carbon. The peak current for the linear scan voltammetric oxidation of 0.2 mM TI(I) in 1.0 M NaCl is directly proportional to the square root of scan rate up to 0.1 V/s. Both cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk voltammetry at modified electrodes provide data consistent with a two-electron oxidation. The modified electrode is suitable for the determination of thallium by differential pulse voltammetry in the micromolar range.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140010109
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