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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (39)
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 24 (1993), S. 160-167 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: PVD-coated tribosystems at reciprocating slidingThe aim of the investigation is to increase the life time of machinery elements of steel, sliding under high contact pressure, by PVD-coating of one of the surfaces.The three-step tribological testprogram includes a fundamental test, a model test under real conditions and a suitability test with real parts. The coefficient of friction and wear depends on substrate material, deposition variance, coating structure and surrounding conditions.Hard coatings: They enlarge the life time of lubricated systems considerably (μ ≤ 0,1). Without lubrication the coefficient of friction is relatively high (μ ≥ 0,5), which results in a short life time.Coatings with low friction: Soft metals and chalchogenides on supporting hard coatings only reduce the friction for a short time. Metal carbon coatings yield the lowest coefficient of friction (μ = 0.2) and the greatest life time. In the range up to 1500 N/mm2 the pressure has a small influence on the life time. When the coated contact surface slides against an unmachined forged surface, the coating will be damaged after a short time due to local over oad at asperities.
    Notes: Das Ziel der Untersuchungen ist die Steigerung dcr Lebensdauer von unter relativ großen Pressungen gleitend beanspruchten Maschinenelementen aus Stahl durch PVD-Beschichtung eines der Kontaktpartner. Die tribologische Prüfung erfolgt dreistufig durch grundlagennahe Modellprüfung, beanspruchungsähnliche Modellversuche und Versuche am Bauteil (Steckkette) unter Praxisbedingungen. Substratwerkstoffe, Schichtsystem und Umgebungsbedingungen beeinflussen das Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten wesentlich.Hartstoffschichten: Im geschmierten System verlängern sie die Lebensdauer erheblich (μ ≤ 0,1). Ohne Schmierung ist die Reibungszahl relativ groß (μ ≥ 0,5), was zum frühzeitigen Versagen des Tribosystems führt.Reibungsmindernde Schichten: Weichmetalle und Chalkogenide auf hartstoffbeschichteten Systemen vermindern die trockene Reibung nur kurzzeitig. Die kleinste Reibungszahl (μ = 0,2) und die größte Lebensdauer erbringen die Metall-Kohlenstoff-Schich-ten. Im Bereich bis zu 1500 N/mm2 hat die Pressung nur einen kleinen Einfluß auf die Lebensdauer. Bei Reibung gegen unbearbeitete, geschmiedete Steckkettenelemente wird die Schicht infolge lokaler Überbeanspruchung an Punktkontakten frühzeitig geschädigt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of damage effects in thermoplastics by means of simultaneous measurements of stress-strain characteristics and dielectric properties. Part I: Damage effects due to mechanical loading and possibilities of experimental evaluationThe first part describes the mechanism of damage and failure of thermoplastics during mechanical loading. It will discussed the typical loading limits for characterization of structural changes due to quasistatic tests. In order to quantify the damage and failure effects in terms of critical stress or strain the experimental possibilities will described.
    Notes: Der erste Teil beschreibt die Mechanismen der Schädigung bzw. des Versagens von Thermoplasten während mechanischer Belastung. Typische Belastungsgrenzen zur Charakterisierung der strukturellen Veränderungen während quasistatischer Versuche werden diskutiert. Die experimentellen Möglichkeiten zur Quantifizierung der Schädigungs- bzw. Versagensgrenzen in Form von kritischen Spannungen bzw. Dehnungen werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of damage effects in thermoplastics by means of simultaneous measurements of stress-strain characteristics and dielectric properties. Part II: Interpretation of the experimental investigations and the resultsIn the first part the damage failure effects in amorphous thermoplastics due to mechanical loading was discussed. The present part describes the technique of measurements, the experimental results and the generally interpretation. A scientific interpretation on micromechanical basis will be given in Part III.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil wurden die Schädigungs- und Versagenserscheinungen infolge mechanischer Belastung für amorphe Thermoplaste erörtert. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Meßtechnik, die experimentellen Untersuchungen und deren Ergebnisse vor.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 506-517 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microtribology of PVD-coatingsTransparency of the tribological process by sensory and audio-visual process recording. By multi-media recording of the friction event the elementary contact processes get transparent so that damage causes can be recongnized. For this additional to the usual tribological readings audio-visual information were time synchronously gathered. By use of thin integrated sensors temperature or pressure is measured contiuously with high local resolution during the friction process inside the contact region. The damage mechanisms are analysed systematically and make influence measures possible to coating optimization to exclude an early failure of a tribological system.
    Notes: Transparenz des Tribovorgangs durch sensorische und audio-visuelle Prozeßerfassung. Durch multimediale Erfassung des Reibungsvorgangs werden die elementaren Kontaktprozesse transparent, so daß Schädigungsursachen erkannt werden können. Dabei werden neben den üblichen tribologischen Meßdaten audiovisuelle Informationen zeitsynchron erfaßt. Durch Einsatz integrierter Dünnschichtsensoren unmittelbar im tribologischen Kontaktsystem werden Temperatur oder Druck während des Reibungsprozesses mit hoher Ortsauflösung kontinuierlich ermittelt. Die Schädigungsmechanismen werden systematisch analysiert und ermöglichen Einflußmaßnahmen zur Schichtoptimierung, um ein vorzeitiges Versagen eines tribologischen Systems auszuschließen.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of damage effects in thermoplastics by means of simultaneous measurements of stress-strain characteristics and dielectric properties. Part III: Materialscience oriented micromechanical interpretation of the investigations, conclusions and perspectivesIn the first and second part the mechanism of damage and failure during mechanical loading of amorphous thermoplastic was described. The experimental investigations were discussed. An interpretation of the results on basis of micromechanical aspects will submitted in the present part.
    Notes: In den vorangegangenen Teilen wurden die Schädigungs- und Versagenserscheinungen in amorphen Thermoplasten infolge mechanischer Belastung beschrieben und die experimentellen Untersuchungen diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Interpretation der Ergebnisse auf mikromechanischer Grundlage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 552-558 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microcmechanical evaluation of mineralic filled plastics by means of dielectrical spectroscopy and mechano-dielectrometryThis paper describes the possibilities for estimation of crack initiation limits in polar mineralic filled thermoplastics by means of combination of mechanical experiment and dielectric technique. By measurement of the dielectric function tan δ = f (∊mech) during the tensile test according to DIN 534455 it is possible to correlate the changes of the structure of composite with defined limits of failure. A micromechanical interpretation is proposed for the effects of dielectrical relaxation and the mechanical induced material damage of composites.
    Notes: Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Möglichkeit der quantitativen Bestimmung von Rißbildungsgrenzen polarer, mineralmodifizierter Kunststoffe durch Kombination von mechanischem Experiment und dielektrischer Meßtechnik. Durch Ermittlung der dielektrischen Kennfunktion tan δ = f (∊mech) während des Zugversuches nach DIN 53455 läßt sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen beanspruchungsbedingten Strukturänderungen und Versagensgrenzen herstellen. Für das dielektrische Relaxationsverhalten der Verbundwerkstoffe, in Verbindung mit den mechanisch induzierten Werkstoffschädigungen, wird eine mikromechanisch begründete Interpretation vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 277-289 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The products of pyrolysis of untreated and flame-retarded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) have been studied at two temperatures using a flash pyrolysis/gas chromatography technique. The pyrolysis products were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and reaction mechanism for their formation are proposed. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of these products reveals that the phosphorus-only flame retardants have no effect on the solid-phase pyrolysis of PET. The two bromine-containing flame retardants, however, while capable of influencing the pyrolysis, were not capable of producing large changes in the major products. Their main role in the pyrolysis appears to alter slightly the balance of several competing secondary pyrolysis reactions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 587-596 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Even though orthopedic wire is commonly used in orthopedic surgery, very little is known about its fatigue properties. This article describes the development of a simple, effective testing machine that simulates the in situ fatigue loading of orthopedic wire. A mathematical analysis has predicted the maximum stress that is generated in wires in the fatigue machine. The fatigue resistance of intact monofilament wires made from different materials was studied. It was found that F90 was more resistant than F562, which in turn was more resistant than F138, grade 2. Also studied was the effect of cold-forming different notch sizes on the wire surface. It was found that even the slightest notch (1% of wire diameter) reduced the fatigue life by 63%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 887-894 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ten retrieved samples of 316L stainless steel wires, implanted for times from 11 months to 11 years, were examined fractographically and metallurgically to evaluate the effects of a physiological environment on their fracture. Seven samples were from L-rod instrumentation, and three samples were from trochanter reattachment. Of 16 breaks in the 10 samples, 94% were caused primarily by cyclic loading (fatigue), and 6% were caused by tensile forces. Two factors were found to influence the effective life of an implanted wire. First, the surface condition (deformation) appeared to be most important, and second, corrosion pits present on most wire surfaces could possibly be an influence in initiating a crack. Biomechanical forces on wires enveloping L-rods tended to promote metal deformation and faceting, which decreased time to fracture. This decrease in wire life was evident from a substantial hardness increase in faceted areas.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: For the development of a thermostable plastic from inorganic and organic units 2,2-diphenyl-4,4,6,6-tetraimidazolidocyclo-triphosphazene was condensed with diaminobenzidine. The product obtained is insoluble in organic solvents, it is readily hydrolysed. It is possible to make hard-brittle testspecimens with a MARTENS temperature of 230°C by hot pressing at 300°C. At temperatures above 300°C benzene is split off.
    Notes: Zur Herstellung eines hochwärmebeständigen Kunststoffs aus anorganischen und organischen Bausteinen wurde 2,2-Diphenyl-4,4,6,6-tetraimidazolidocyclotriphosphazen mit Diaminobenzidin polykondensiert. Das Kondensat ist in organischen Lösungsmitteln unlöslich, es hydrolysiert jedoch relativ leicht. Das Produkt läßt sich unter Druck bei ca. 300°C zu hart-spröden Normstäbchen mit einer MARTENszahl von 230°C verpressen. Ab 300°C erfolgt eine Abspaltung von Benzol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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