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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1909-1917 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Double-cantilever beam cleavage specimens are very useful in characterizing the fracture behavior of isotropic, homogeneous, brittle, and semibrittle polymers. However, until this time they have not been used for ductile materials such as rubber-modified polymers or polycarbonates because of excessive yielding or breakage of the specimen arms before crack propagation can occur. In order to make it possible to measure the fracture surface work of these materials, a new sandwich cleavage specimen was developed by bonding rigid reinforcement plates to both sides of the specimen sheet. With this sandwich-tapered double-cantilever beam cleavage specimen, one can create conditions under which controlled crack propagation through tough ductile materials and measurement of the fracture surface work-two previously unobtainable results-are readily determined. In this paper, the design and construction of the sandwich specimens, test procedure, and the data analysis will be discussed in detail.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2053-2066 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: With the use of a sandwich-tapered double-cantilever beam cleavage specimen (described in part I of this series), the fracture surface work of several commercial and experimental acrylic multipolymers has been measured as a function of crack velocity and rubber content. The plots of fracture surface work versus crack velocity clearly exhibit the effects of rate (crack velocity) and rubber concentration on fracture behavior. Specifically, the fracture surface work of specimens with seven different rubber contents has been determined over a crack velocity range from 10-5 meters/sec to approximately 10 meters/sec. For each material, distinct maxima occur in the curves of fracture surface work versus crack velocity. The significance of these observations is discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37 (1997), S. 100-107 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Diopside ; biocompatibility ; osteogenic cell (MC3T3-E1) ; biomechanical strength ; apatite wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (AWGC) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Diopside was prepared by sintering a powder compact composed of CaMgSi2O6 at 1573K for 2 h. In order to clarify the biocompatibility of Diopside, the cytotoxicity of Diopside against the osteogenic cell line MC3T3-E1 and the bone-Diopside interface strength were examined. On both the 14th and 21st days of incubation of MC3T3-E1 cells with Diopside, ALP activities were not significantly lower than those of the CTRL. TEM photographs of MC3T3-E1 on Diopside after 14 days of incubation showed active secretion of crystals from osteoblast-like cells. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the cells on Diopside formed multiple cell layers similar to those on the CTRL both 14 and 21 days after incubation. These results showed that Diopside had no cytotoxic effect on MC3T3-E1. The pulling test showed that failure loads of Diopside were significantly lower than those of AWGC. Histologically, there was no fibrous tissue or foreign body reaction at the bone interface. SEM-EPMA showed that Diopside had attached to the bone via a calcium-phosphorus layer. SEM back-scattered electron imaging showed that the Diopside plate had degraded to a porous state 12 weeks after implantation. These findings indicate that Diopside is a biodegradable ceramic. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 100-107, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 105 (1967), S. 292-295 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 24 (1957), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Much efforts have been expended to observe the spectrum of electrons in the high energy region with large area emulsion chambers exposed at balloon altitudes, and now 15 electrons beyond 1 TeV have been observed. The observed integral flux at 1 TeV is (3.24 + or - 0.87)x10(-5)/sq m sec sr. The statistics of the data around a few hundred GeV are also improving by using new shower detecting films of high sensitivity. The astrophysical significance of the observed spectrum are discussed for the propagation of electrons based on the leaky box and the nested leaky box model.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA: Goddard Space Flight Center Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 4 p
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The results of a series of emulsion exposures, beginning in Japan in 1968 and continued in the U.S. since 1975, which have yielded a total balloon-altitude exposure of 98,700 sq m sr s, are presented. The data are discussed in terms of several models of cosmic-ray propagation. Interpreted in terms of the energy-dependent leaky-box model, the spectrum results suggest a galactic electron residence time of 1.0(+2.0, -0.5) x 10 to the 7th yr, which is consistent with results from Be-10 observations. Finally, the possibility that departures from smooth power law behavior in the spectrum due to individual nearby sources will be observable in the energy range above 1 TeV is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 238
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Scaling, mean P sub t, high P sub t jets and others at energies over 1000 TeV are discussed on the basis of gamma-family data with sigma E sub gamma 100 TeV, observed at Mt. Fuji (3750 m). These quantities were examined in connection with the primary composition.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: HE-3.5-1 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 6; p 348-351; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-6
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The energy spectra of high energy gamma-rays and hadrons were obtained by the emulsion chamber with 40 c.u. thickness at Mt. Fuji (3750 m). These results are compared with the Monte Carlo calculation based on the same model which is used in a family analysis. Our data are compatible with the model of heavy-enriched primary and scaling in the fragmentation region.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: HE-3.1-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 6; p 208-211; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-6
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The sigma epsilon gamma spectrum in 1 approx. 5 x 1000 TV observed at Mt. Fuji suggests that the flux of primary protons 10 to the 15 approx 10th eV is lower by a factor of 2 approx. 3 than a simple extrapolation from lower energies; the integral proton spectrum tends to be steeper than around to the power V and the spectral index tends to be steeper than Epsilon to the -17th power around 10 to the 14th power eV and the spectral index becomes approx. 2.0 around 10 to the 15th power eV. If the total flux of primary particles has no steepening up to approx 10 to the 15th power eV, than the fraction of primary protons to the total flux should be approx 20% in contrast to approx 45% at lower energies.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-5.2-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 206-209; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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