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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous size-exclusion chromatography (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 795-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the ionic strength of the solvent on the size-exclusion chromatography of narrow molecular weight dextrans and monodisperse sodium polystyrene sulfonates has been investigated. In both NaOH and NaCl solutions the elution volume of the sodium polystyrene sulfonates increased as the ionic strength was increased, while the elution volume of the dextrans decreased slightly as the ionic strength was increased. The elution data for various ionic strength solvents could not be described by the traditional universal calibration procedure of plotting the product of the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight vs. the elution volume. By using a modified calibration procedure which includes excluded volume effects, the elution data can be described for NaOH solution of moderate and high ionic strength. This modified calibration technique was unable to describe the elution data for very low ionic strength NaOH solutions and for the NaCl solutions. Possible explanations of the inability of straightforward size exclusion chromatographic calibration techniques to quantitatively described all the observed elution behavior are discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270302
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New approach to aqueous gel permeation chromatography of nonderivatized cellulose (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A novel approach to the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of nonderivatized cellulose is reported using Sepharose CL-6B as the column packing material, 0.5N NaOH as the eluent, and cadoxen as the cellulose solvent. The traditional approach to GPC of cellulose has been to convert the cellulose to its nitrate thereby making it soluble in the solvent tetrahydrofuran. The circumvention of the need to derivatize the cellulose in the new system results in considerable saving of time. The new system gives good fractionation for cellulose. It also provides excellent separation of polystyrene sulfonate and dextran standards thereby making the system amenable to calibration. The effect of the particle size distribution of the column packing material on the efficiency of separation is discussed. Potential applications for this new method include studies on both acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis as well as fine structure of cellulose, starch, and other polymers capable of forming stable alkaline solutions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shrinkage and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments treated with various organic solvents (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1601-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of a number of chemically nonreacting organic on shrinkage and stress-strain properties of preoriented semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments have been studied. The changes in shrinkage and mechanical properties are found to be highly dependent on time and temperature, as well as on tension applied on the yarn during the treatment. The changes brought about by the solvents at lower temperatures (i.e., below 100°C) are either comparable with or more than those produced by thermal treatments in air or silicone oil above 200°C. The possibility of using slovent treatment for setting polyester for dimensional stability at low temperature as an alternative to the normal dry-heat-setting method has been discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250808
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopic study of poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystallized by annealing in the oriented state (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament yarn has been annealed in nitrogen atmosphere, in silicone oil, or in nonreacting organic solvents. Morphological changes resulting from the annealing processes have been followed by Raman spectroscopy. Crystallinity, as evidenced by the width of the 1730 cm-1 carbonyl stretching vibration, is shown to affect the macroscopic properties of these filaments. Furthermore, these spectroscopic results, together with shrinkage measured, suggest that the shrinkage and the crystallization processes in the polymer fiber proceed at different rates in different fluid media.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    System development for size exclusion chromatography of starch hydrolysates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2281-2293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system for the aqueous size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of starch hydrolysates has been developed. Sepharose CL is the chromatographic support material, and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is the eluent. Various factors affecting the resolution of the proposed system are discussed. Support materials having small particle size and narrow particle size distribution are necessary for maximizing separation efficiency. The ionic strength of the eluent, however, has a negligible effect on separation efficiency. The fractionation range of the system has been broadened by connecting in series columns containing two different Sepharose-CL gel types according to the bimodal pore size distribution concept. Well-characterized sodium polystyrene sulfonate and dextran standards are used to calibrate this SEC system. The Coll-Prusinowski calibration procedure leads to a linear calibration curve over a wide molecular weight domain.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270636
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The availability of hydroxyl groups in native and mercerized cotton celluloses (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2999-3007 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The accessibilities of the hydroxyl groups of the D-glucopyranosyl units of slack mercerized grey yarn and of the same yarn restretched to its original length are compared with those of the original grey yarn, a purified printcloth, and a hydrocellulose. The study involved reactions of the celluloses with N,N-diethylaziridinium chloride under conditions which ensure minimum conversion of the reagent by hydrolysis to 2-hydroxyethyldiethylamine. Amylose was taken as a reference material in which the hydroxyl groups are assumed to be completely accessible. Selective accessibilities of the hydroxyl groups at C-6 and C-3 relative to those at C-2 were determined with the same reagent by a method whose development has been described earlier. The results of this study are expressed as fractions of the hydroxyl groups at C-2, C-3, and C-6 that are accessible to the reagent.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070151209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on heating and cooling of synthetic fibers, yarns, and fabrics. I. Properties of nylon and polyester filament yarns on heat setting in silicone oil (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2357-2377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nylon 6, nylon 66, and polyester [poly(ethylene terephthalate)] filament yarns were heat set at different temperatures in oil under a variety of experimental conditions. The effect of time of heat setting, tension on the yarn during heat setting, as well as the effect of the initial tenacity and extension on subsequent changes in the mechanical properties of the heat-set yarns have been studied. The breaking strength, elongation at break, and work of rupture have been found to be different for samples heat set while slack and at constant length. The breaking strength remains more or less constant over a wide range of heat setting temperatures up to 240°C in the case of nylon 66 and polyester, and up to 200°C in the case of nylon 6, contrary to the observations of Dumbleton et al. When treated in the slack condition, the breaking extension increases by about 1-2.5 times the control value, while heat setting at constant length produces a decrease in the case of nylon 66 and a marginal increase in the case of nylon 6 and polyester. The initial modulus decreases irrespective of the conditions under which the filaments are heat set. From measurements of the shrinkage and the residual shrinkage in boiling water it appears that dimensional stability can be achieved by heat setting even at constant length. Heat setting produces significant improvement in the crease recovery and resiliency of the fibers. Heat setting has also been found to significantly increase the overall crystallinity of the fibers as determined by critical dissolution time and parallel and perpendicular refractive indices. The overall orientation of the polymer chains, as determined from sonic velocity measurements, decreases on heat setting in the slack condition. Heat setting at constant length produces a marginal improvement in the overall orientation only in the case of nylon 66 yarns. Shrinkage occurs instantaneously. Crystallinity, on the other hand, improves with increasing time of heat setting.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220825
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface effect on the valence band Auger spectra of metals (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 1 (1979), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The shifts of the high energy peaks of the KVV Auger line shape of Li(100) and the L2,3 VV Auger line shape of Al(100) due to surface localization in the presence of a finite work function for the conduction electrons have been calculated. The results are sensitively dependent on the relative values of the distance of the surface afrom the first layer of ions and the mean free path λ of the ejected Auger electrons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740010403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FRP composites based on different types of glass fibers and matrix resins: A comparative study (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 2177-2184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Flexural properties, impact energy, heat deflection temperature, and resistance to thermal and hydrothermal degradation of composites based on E-glass and N-glass fibers as the reinforcing agents, and epoxy, unsaturated polyester, phenolic, and epoxy-phenolic resin systems as the matrix materials were studied and compared. As a reinforcing agent E-glass fiber is superior to N-glass fiber, particularly with respect to development of flexural strength and modulus, impact strength, and thermal resistance; N-glass fiber, however, imparts to the composites substantially higher resistance to hydrothermal degradation under boiling conditions in different chemical environments. For use of both E-glass and N-glass fibers as reinforcing agents, the general order of resistance to hydrothermal degradation for the composites based on different matrix resins is epoxy 〉 phenolic 〉 unsaturated polyester resin. Incorporation of a low dose of a rubbery polymer, such as styrene butadiene rubber (0.1-0.2%) and liquid polybutadiene (0.5-0.75%), in unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix resin measurably enhances impact energy of the composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of calculated with measured flow fields in the gap between two rotating rolls (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 13 (1994), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Velocity, pressure, temperature, and stress fields are calculated for the flow of a polymer between two counterdirectionally rotating rolls. The rheological behavior of the polymer is described by the Carreau equation, while elasticity is neglected. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with measurements. The stress field is measured by the birefringence method. The local principal stresses in the fluid are determined from the measured anisotropy of the sheared fluid for the penetrating monochromatic light by means of the stress optical law. The equations of motion and continuity are solved with a Finite Element Method (FEM) based on the Galerkin weighted residual method. The computer code is combined with a Boundary Element Method (BEM) algorithm using the Dual Reciprocity Method (DRM) to solve the coupled equation of energy. Results are shown for a shear-thinning polyisobutene melt in a calender with totally submerged rolls. The calculated results for the principal stress differences are compared to the measured results and confirm fairly well. The influence of friction is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1994.060130301
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