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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-06-21
    Description: Author(s): LiDong Pan and C. C. Huang Null transmission ellipsometry was employed to study the temperature evolution of the helical structure of the smectic- C α * phase. Free-standing films with thickness ranging from 31 to more than 400 layers were prepared and studied. The experimental results show a reduced twisting power in thin films... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 060702] Published Mon Jun 20, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Author(s): LiDong Pan, B. K. McCoy, Shun Wang, Z. Q. Liu, S. T. Wang, R. Pindak, and C. C. Huang Null transmission ellipsometry and resonant x-ray diffraction are employed to study the effect of enantiomeric excess (EE) on the phase behavior of antiferroelectric liquid crystal 10OTBBB1M7. Phase sequence, layer spacing, and pitch of the helical structures of the smectic- C α * and smectic- C * phases... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 060701] Published Tue Jun 14, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
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  • 3
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-10
    Description: Author(s): LiDong Pan and C. C. Huang [Phys. Rev. E 84, 051703] Published Wed Nov 09, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-12-29
    Description: Author(s): Y. Sasaki, K. V. Le, S. Aya, M. Isobe, H. Yao, C. C. Huang, H. Takezoe, and K. Ema We carried out an improved characterization of phase transitions among chiral smectic- C subphases observed for various antiferroelectric liquid crystals by precise heat capacity measurements. It was found that the phase transitions are intrinsically first order exhibiting a remarkable heat anomaly w... [Phys. Rev. E 86, 061704] Published Fri Dec 28, 2012
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-07-15
    Description: Author(s): C. L. Folcia, J. Ortega, J. Etxebarria, LiDong Pan, Shun Wang, C. C. Huang, V. Ponsinet, P. Barois, R. Pindak, and N. Gimeno We report structural results that evidence the polarization distribution of the blocks in the columnar phase of an achiral bent-core liquid crystal. The study was performed using resonant x-ray diffraction at the sulfur K edge on oriented samples aligned on substrates. The extra periodicity is revea... [Phys. Rev. E 84, 010701] Published Thu Jul 14, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-07-16
    Description: Author(s): V. Ponsinet, P. Barois, LiDong Pan, Shun Wang, C. C. Huang, S. T. Wang, R. Pindak, U. Baumeister, and W. Weissflog The chiral antiferroelectric structure of an achiral bent-core liquid crystal is characterized by resonant x-ray scattering at chlorine K edge. The “forbidden” reflections resulting from the glide or screw symmetry elements are restored by the anisotropy of the tensor structure factor, which we calc... [Phys. Rev. E 84, 011706] Published Fri Jul 15, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 95-103 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Measurements were taken of the viscoelastic properties of six polymer melts by mean of the Weissenberg rheogoniometer and the Han slit/capillary rheometer. Polymers in vestigated were three high-density polyethylenes of different polydispersity, a low-density polyethylene, a polypropylene, and a polystyrene. The range of shear rates tested was from about 5.0 × 10-3 to 10 sec-1 with the Weissenberg rheogoniometer, from about 10 to 102 sec-1 with the slit rheometer, and from about 102 and 103 with the capillary rheometer: the temperature of measurement was 200°C. The three different apparatuses give consistent results over almost six decades of shear rates, yielding satisfactory correlations of shear viscosity to shear rate and of normal stress difference to shear rate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Um ein „härtbares“ Harz zu erhalten, das nur aus Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff besteht, wurde ein Xylol-Formaldehyd-Harz (XF-Harz) mit einem Kohlenwasserstoff (CH) wie folgt umgesetzt: Es wurde dabei angenommen, daß hierbei eine elektrophile Substitution erfolgt. Auf der Suche nach reaktionsfähigen Kohlenwasserstoffen wurden 15 verschiedene aromatische Verbindungen in Gegenwart von Perchlorsäure mit Formaldehyd umgesetzt. Dabei reagierten Acenaphthen, Polyacenaphthylen, Anthracen und Mesitylen leicht mit Formaldehyd. Es wurden nunmehr XF-Harze hergestellt und mit den erwähnten aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen umgesetzt. Dabei waren Acenaphthen, Polyacenaphthylen und Acenaphthen-Formaldehydharz besonders wirksam.Da ein ω,ω'-Dimethylol-XF-Harz bei der Umsetzung noch wirksamer als ein normales Harz sein sollte, wurde eine brauchbare Methode für die Herstellung eines ω,ω'-Dimethylol-XF-Harzes entwickelt. Durch Umsetzung des ω,ω'-Dimethylol-XF-Harzes mit Acenaphthen-Formaldehyd-Harz in Gegenwart von Xylolsulfonsäure wurde schließlich ein gezielt vernetztes Harz erhalten, das nur aus Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff bestand. Es ist unschmelzbar und in Benzol unlöslich.(Unter geänderten Bedingungen kann auch Anthracen oder Mesitylen das XF-Harz vernetzen).
    Notes: A study to obtain a resin consisting only of carbon and hydrogen and yet having thermosetting properties was made. The process was a reaction of xylene-formaldehyde resin (XF-resin) with a hydrocarbon (CH) The reaction was assumed to proceed through an electrophilic substitution. To find some reactive hydrocarbons, 15 different aromatic hydrocarbons have been reacted with formaldehyde in the presence of perchloric acid. It was found that acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene and mesitylene easily reacted with formaldehyde. Some XF-resins were prepared, and reacted with the mentioned aromatic hydrocarbons.Of these hydrocarbons, acenaphthene, polyacenaphthylene and acenaphthene-formaldehyde resin were especially effective.It is understandable that an ω,ω'-dimethylol-XF-resin is more effective than a normal XF-resin. So an useful method for the synthesis of the ω,ω'-dimethylol-XF-resin was investigated.By the reaction of ω,ω'-dimethylol-XF-resin with acenaphthene-formaldehyde resin in the presence of xylene sulfonic acid, the desired cured resin was obtained. The resin consisted only of carbon and hydrogen. It was insoluble in benzene and non-melting. (However, by changing the conditions, anthracene or mesitylene can also cure XF-resins).
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 357-366 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: surface graft copolymerization ; adhesive-free adhesion ; polycarbonate ; XPS ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surfaces of ozone-pretreated polycarbonate films were subjected to further modification by thermally induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), sodium salt of styrene sulfonic acid (NaSS), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 3-dimethyl(methacryloyl ethyl)-ammonium propanesulfonate (DMAPS) monomers. The structure and composition at the copolymer interface were studied by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For polycarbonate films with a substantial amount of grafted polymer, the hydrophilic graft penetrates or becomes partially submerged beneath a thin surface layer of dense substrate chains. This microstructure was further supported by the water contact angle measurements. Adhesive-free adhesion studies revealed that the AAc, DMAA or DMAPS graft copolymerized polycarbonate film surface adhered strongly to another similarly modified surface (homo-interface) when brought into direct contact in the presence of water and subsequently dried. The development of the lap shear strength is dependent on the concentration of the surface graft, the microstructure of the grafted surface, the adhesion (drying) time, and the nature of the interfacial interaction. The simultaneous presence of chain entanglement and electrostatic interaction readily results in substantially enhanced adhesion strengths between two DMAPS graft copolymerized surfaces or between an AAc and a DMAA graft copolymerized surface (hetero-interface). XPS analyses of the delaminated surfaces suggest that failure occurred cohesively below the graft-substrate interface. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 357-366, 1998
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 577-584 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study of rat-tail tendon fibers, about 200 μ in diameter, by scanning electron microscopy of fractured specimens reveals that these crimped fibers are largely made up of cylindrical units, about 10 μ in diameter. These, in turn, are made up of the well-known collagen fibrils, ca. 0.1 μ in diameter, which have been observed previously by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray diffraction. Both the 10-μ and 0.1-μ cylindrical units were found to be arranged parallel to the macroscopic fiber axis rather than helically about it, as has been often proposed in the past. Significant improvement in resolution of the fracture surfaces was obtained by dehydration of the tendon. Microscopy of undehydrated tendon fibers undergoing solubilization by dilute aqueous acetic acid confirmed the results obtained by fractography.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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