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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (48)
  • Instrumentation and Photography  (17)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: At 2015 SPIE O&P we presented "Preliminary Analysis of Random Segment Errors on Coronagraph Performance" Key Findings: Contrast Leakage for 4thorder Sinc2(X) coronagraph is 10X more sensitive to random segment piston than random tip/tilt, Fewer segments (i.e. 1 ring) or very many segments (〉 16 rings) has less contrast leakage as a function of piston or tip/tilt than an aperture with 2 to 4 rings of segments. Revised Findings: Piston is only 2.5X more sensitive than Tip/Tilt
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN32194
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 513-517 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and corrosion protection in the food industriesThe corrosion of equipment and packaging materials being contacted with food products can result in undesirable alterations of aspect and flavour and in serious cases may give rise to intoxication. Corrosion protection must therefore consider the material to be processed as well as the material of construction. Machinery for processing food products are mostly made of stainless steel which should have a certain molybdenum content to possess sufficient pitting resistance in salt solutions. Aluminium can be used in many instances, provided the particular medium contains neither halides nor bases. Plastic coatings are used increasingly in recent time. In such cases, however, one has to consider, in addition to the corrosion resistance of the materials, the danger of migration of certain ingredients such as plastifier or stabilizers. On the product side one may rely on the inhibiting efficiency of certain constituents, e. g. gelatine.
    Notes: Die Korrosion der Anlagen und Verpackungen, die mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen, kann zu unerwünschten Veränderungen des Aussehens und des Geschmacks und in ernsten Fällen sogar zu Vergiftungen führen. Beim Korrosionsschutz muß man daher sowohl vom Material als auch won den Lebensmitteln her ausgehen. Die Maschinen, die mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen, werden meist aus nichtrostendem Stahl gefertigt, vorzugsweise mit einem gewissen Molybdängehalt, um ausreichende Beständigkeit gegen Lochfraß in Salzlösungen zu gewährleisten. Aluminium kann in zahlreichen Fällen verwendet werden, sofern das jeweilige Medium weder Halogenide noch Basen enthält. In neuerer Zeit verwendet man zunehmend Kunststoffüberzüge. Dabei ist jedoch nicht nur die Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser Materialien zu berücksichtigen, sondern ebenso die Gefahr der Migration von Bestandteilen (z. B. Weichmacher, Stabilisatoren) aus dem Kunststoff. Produktseitig kann man berücksichtigen, daß manche Bestandteile (z. B. Gelatine) inhibierend wirken.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1975), S. 107-117 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermofractography is suitable for the rapid identification of phenolic resins. 3-4 mg of the material to be investigated are heated in the temperature gradient of 150-450°C. The thermofractogram shows the free phenols of the resin in the range of 150-250°C. The phenols developing through thermolysis from the condensation products appear, depending on the corresponding initial phenol, in the range of 300-450°C. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on several novolaks and phenolresol.
    Notes: Zur schnellen Identifizierung von Phenolharzen ist die Thermofraktographie geeignet. Hierbei werden 3-4 mg des Untersuchungsmaterials im Temperaturgradient von 150-450°C erhitzt. Auf dem Thermofraktogram erkennt man dann im Bereich zwischen 150 und 250°C die im Harz enthaltenen freien Phenole. Die bei der Pyrolyse aus den Kondensationsprodukten entstehenden Phenole erscheinen im Bereich zwischen 300 und 450°C je nach dem entsprechenden Ausgangsphenol. Die Brauchbarkeit der Methode wird an verschiedenen Novolaken und Phenolresol demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 68 (1978), S. 87-116 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermofractography is suitable for the rapid identification of the basic components of epoxy resins. 2-3 mg of the polymer sample are being heated in the temperature gradient of 200 to 450°C. The thus forming decomposition products are being transferred as a starting line onto the separating thin layer by means of a carrier gas. After development the thermofractogram (TFG) shows in the temperature range of 200 to approx. 350°C the free oligomeres. The resulting phenols and their subsequent products appear on the TFG from 350°C. A cycloaliphatic type does not give phenolic fragments. The degradation mechanisms of epoxy resins are being discussed in regard to the TFG results and are being confirmed by establishing TGA curves. For the rapid evaluation of the thermofractograms of epoxy resins a questioning scheme is given as an evaluation key.
    Notes: Die Thermofraktographie eignet sich zur schnellen Identifizierung der Basiskomponenten von Epoxidharzen. 2-3 mg der Polymerprobe werden hierzu im Temperaturgradient zwischen 200 und 450°C aufgeheizt. Die Abbauprodukte gelangen durch den Trägergasstrom als Startband auf die DC-Trennschicht. Nach der Entwicklung sind auf den Thermofraktogrammen (TFG) im Bereich von 200 bis ca. 350°C die freien Oligomeren zu erkennen. Die entstehenden Phenole und ihre Folgeprodukte erscheinen erst ab ca. 300°C auf dem TFG. Ein cycloaliphatischer Typ ergibt keine phenolischen Bruchstükke. Die Degradationsmechanismen von Epoxidharzen werden unter Berücksichtigung der TFG-Ergebnisse diskutiert und durch die Aufnahme von TGA-Kurven bestätigt. Zur schnellen Auswertung der Thermofraktogramme von Epoxidharzen ist ein Auswerteschlüssel in Form eines Abfrageschemas angegeben. Die Leistungsfahigkeit des Verfahrens wird an verschiedenen ungehärteten Bisphnol A- und Novolak-Typen sowie an einigen gehärteten Bisphenol A-Typen und einem cycloaliphatischen System demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 102 (1982), S. 117-145 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kommerzielle unverstreckte und kalt verstreckte (5 × ) Fasern und Borsten aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PETP) wurden nach dem Verstrecken mit festen Enden 6 h im Vakuum bei verschiedenen Temperaturen zwischen 60 und 260°C getempert. Mit diesen Proben wurden statisch- und dynamisch-mechanische Messungen durchgeführt.Es wurde festgestellt, daß der α- und β-Prozeß, sowie die Moduli von der Tempertemperatur in verschiedener Weise für die verstreckten und unverstreckten Proben abhängen. Die aufgrund von tg δ und Verlustmoduln ermittelte Temperaturlage des β-Peaks, sowie auch die Stufenhöhen von α- und β-Prozessen sind für die unverstreckten Proben gegenüber der Tempertemperatur unempfindlich im Gegensatz zu den verstreckten Proben, für die ein Maximum beobachtet worden ist. Dieses Maximum wird mit der dominierenden Rolle eines der beiden bei der entsprechenden Kristallisationstemperatur konkurrierenden Prozesse - Kristallisation und Desorientierung - erklärt.Die dynamisch und statisch gemessenen Moduln sowie die Bruchspannung nehmen für das verstreckte PETP mit steigender Temperatemperatur ab. Die entscheidende Bedeutung der Orientierung und des Zustandes der amorphen Phase für die mechanischen Eigenschaften im Vergleich mit der Kristallinität wird gezeigt.Eine extrem hohe Deformierbarkeit bei Raumtemperatur (bis zu 200%) von vorverstreckten und anschließend bei 255 oder 260°C getemperten Borsten ist beobachtet worden. Dieses Verhalten ist durch eine Nachpolykondensation im festen Zustand und durch partielles Schmelzen während der Temperaturbehandlung im Vakuum bedingt.
    Notes: Commercial undrawn and cold drawn (5 × ) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP) fibers and bristles have been annealed with fixed ends for 6 h in vacuum at different temperatures between 60 and 260°C. With these samples static- and dynamicmechanical measurements have been carried out.It has been found that the α-and β-processes as well as the moduli depend on the annealing temperature (Ta) in different way, for undrawn and drawn material. The temperature position of the β-peak evaluated from tg δ and loss modulus as well as the step height of α- and β-processes are unsensitive to the Ta for the undrawn material in contrast to the drawn one for which maxima are observed. The appearance of these maxima is explained by the dominating role at the corresponding crystallization temperature of one of the two concurrent processes - crystallization and disorientation, reflected in the change of the effective density of amorphous regions.The dynamic and static measured moduli as well as the stress at break for drawn PETP decrease with the increase of annealing temperature as generally observed. The predominating significance of orientation and the state of amorphous phase in comparison with crystallinity is demonstrated.An extremely high deformation ability at room temperature (up to 200%) of previously drawn and annealed at 255 or 260°C bristles is observed. This originates from the solid state postcondensation and premelting phenomena taking place during annealing in vacuum.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 2545-2552 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stable vinyl acetate macroradicals were produced by polymerization in a nonviscous poor solvent, a viscous good solvent and a viscous poor solvent. These macroradicals were then allowed to react with a second vinyl monomer to produce block copolymers. The formation of block copolymers was monitored for rate and yield data. The block copolymers produced were poly(vinyl acetate-b-methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate-b-acrylic acid), poly(vinyl acetate-b-vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinyl acetate-b-acrylonitrile), poly(vinyl acetate-b-styrene), and poly(vinyl acetate-b-methyl acrylate). The block copolymers were characterized by yield, precipitation in selected solvents, pyrolysis gas chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1883-1886 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 371-380 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relative reactivity of acrylic acid is known to be influenced by the polymerization medium. Nonetheless, the more commonly used reactivity ratios do not show this dependence because they were calculated from low-conversion polymerizations. We have studied the copolymerization of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate in a number of non-hydrogen-bonding and hydrogen-bonding solvents. We found that the acrylic acid fraction in the copolymer was larger when copolymerized in a non-hydrogen-bonding medium and that the methyl methacrylate fraction was larger when copolymerized in a hydrogen-bonding medium. The precise reactivity ratios were reported when toluene, benzene, isopentyl, acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl formate, and tert-butyl alcohol were used as the polymerization medium. The values were obtained by chromatographic analysis of residual monomer, followed by computation based on the nonlinear, least-squares technique of Tidwell and Mortimer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 18 (1980), S. 811-814 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of γ irradiation on a series of vinyl polymers, which included polymethacrylonitrile, poly(α-chloroacrylonitrile), poly(dimethyl itaconate), poly(acrylic anhydride), and poly(methacrylic anhydride), was studied as part of a program to develop improved positive lithographic resists. Radiation-induced degradation was observed for polymethacrylonitrile, poly(α-chloroacrylonitrile), and poly(methacrylic anhydride). Molecular weight degradation as a function of dose was monitored by membrane osmometry or GPC techniques. For γ-irradiated poly(dimethyl itaconate) and poly(acrylic anhydride) crosslinking was found to predominate over chain scission. [G(s)-G(x)] values, calculated from molecular weight inverse versus dose curves, indicate that both nitrile polymers degraded more efficiently than a poly(methyl methacrylate) reference standard on the basis of Mn changes. The radiation behavior of the first three polymers confirms earlier findings than vinyl polymers with quaternary carbons predominantly degrade when subjected to ionizing radiation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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