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  • COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE  (7)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1809-1820 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of the pore size on the surface of the water-wet reverse osmosis membrane and the solvents used in the solvent exchange process on the pore size of the resulting dry cellulose acetate membrane was studied with respect to the separation of a CO2/CH4 mixture. It has been found that there is a critical pore size on the surface of wet membrane that results in the smallest pore size on the dry membrane and, consequently, in the highest separation factor. Such critical pore sizes become greater when the boiling point of the second solvent is increased.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 83-89 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the extrudability of face-centered cubic metalsPart I represents investigations of the behaviour of the interface during the extrusion of lead and lead alloys. The alloying tendency (welding) and the coefficient of friction μ do not show any relationship to the power requirements during the process of extrusion. Due to the high pressure inside the extrusion presses an interfacial movement (friction) can take place only if the coefficient of friction is in the range of μ ≦ 0,001. By knowing the normal pressure and the shear strength of the material the coefficient of friction for slip-stick conditions can be determined from a chart. The dynamic friction is presented as the shearing off of the interfacial contact points and the stationary friction as the creep of these contact points. Attempts to calculate the power requirements of industrial presses on the basis of the shear strength of the material and shear area were successful.
    Notes: Teil I behandelt Untersuchungen des Verhaltens der Grenzschicht Pressenwerkstoff  -  Preßwerkstoff beim Strangpressen von Blei und Blei-Legierungen. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Legierungstendenz (Verschweißung) sowie der Reibungskoeffizient in keinerlei Beziehungen zu dem Kraftbedarf beim Strangpressen stehen. Bei den in den Pressen herrschenden hohen Drücken kann eine Grenzschichtengleitung (Reibung) nur stattfinden, wenn der Reibungskoeffizient Werte von μ ≦ 0,001 annimmt. Eine Methode wurde ausgearbeitet, nach der bei bekanntem Normaldruck auf die Rezipientenwand und gegebener Scherfestigkeit eines Werkstoffes der Grenzwert des Reibungskoeffizienten der Gleitung - Haftung berechnet werden kann. Die Reibung der Gleitung wird als ein Abschervorgang der sich berührenden Spitzen und die Reibung der Ruhe als ein Kriechvorgang dieser Spitzen beschrieben. Versuche, den Kraftbedarf von industriemäßigen Pressen aufgrund der Scherfläche und des Scherwiderstandes des zu verpressenden Materials vorauszusagen, waren erfolgreich.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallurgical Investigations. Hardness determination proved that with rising extrusion temperatures a constant value of hardness could not be reached. Micro-examinations showed that the fibrous structure remains even with the highest extrusion temperature and that recrystalizations start later. Electronmicroscope investigations showed the formation of a cellular structure, and the sub-grain-boundaries flattened out with rising extrusion temperatures. The cellular structure is formed by a net of complicated dislocations. The pole figures showed that after reaching a reduction of R = 40 only the 〈 111 〉 direction could be determined. By comparing the hardness values, the micro-sections, and the electronmicroscope pictures it must be concluded that restoration takes place by polygonization before recrystallization. The existing stresses during the extrusion favour restoration by polygonization because they aid the climb of edge dislocations by creating new vacancies and annihilating the dislocations.  -  By microscopic investigations it could be shown that the segregated area which is formed during solidification in continuos extrusion in homogenised by strong deformation action on the sliding interface.
    Notes: Härtemessungen zeigten, daß man keinen konstanten Wert mit zunehmender Verpressungestemperatur erreicht. Lichtoptische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Faserstruktur bis zu höchsten Temperaturen erhalten bleibt und daß die Rekristallisation spät einsetzt. Elektronenoptische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die Ausbildung einer Zellenstruktur auf der Grundlage eines sehr komplizierten Versetzungsnetzes, sowie eine deutliche Verflachung der Sub-Korn-Grenzen mit steigender Temperatur eintritt. Polfigurbestimmungen erbaben, daß von einem Reduktionsverbhältnis R = 40 und höher nur noch die 〈 111 〉 Ausrichtung besteht. Aus dem Vergleich der Härtewerte, der lichtoptischen und elektronenoptischen Untersuchungen kann geschlossen werden, daß die Restauration des verpreßten Aluminiums durch Polygonisation schon in der Erholungsperiode, vor der Rekristallisation, stattfindet und daß die bestehenden Spannungen den Vorgang beschleunigen, da das Klettern der Stufenversetzungen dadurch begünstigt wird, denn diese Spannungen schaffen neue Leerstellen und löschen Versetzungen aus.  -  Durch Schliffbilder konnte gezeigt werden, daß eine durch Steigerung beim kontinuierlichen Verpressen entstehende angereicherte Segregatschicht durch die kräftige Grenzschichtengleitung homogenisiert wird.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 1 (1970), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the extrudability of face-centred cubic metalsPart II: During continuous extrusion at certain intervals dry oxides are discharged. This is explained with the aid of rheological investigations. If a shearing device according to DIN standard is used the results may show errors in a range of 70% and more. A new device is described which avoids this source of error.The shear strength of high purity aluminium was determined at various temperatures and rates of deformation. Investigations were conducted under similar conditions on the extrusion of aluminium and a relationship between shear strength and power requirement was established. On this basis the power requirement to extrude new alloys may be predicted by comparing the shear strength of this alloy with the shear strength of an alloy whose extrudability is known.Direct extrusion experiments under isothermal conditions were conducted in the reduction range R = 1.2-300. The linear relationship in double logarithmic scale exists only in the range of R = 4-40. Indirect extrusion experiments also showed a linear relationship below the reduction rate R = 4 in a logarithmic scale. It was found that during indirect extrusion a dead metal zone is also formed and this explains the divergence of the found pressure distribution from the theoretical values.The normal pressure of the container was measured at a number of points at various temperatures and reduction rates. In the range of 150°-170°C peculiar unsteadiness occured. Normal pressure on the change of the velocity of extrusion was investigated with the aid of a stepped-down die and a strong dependence was found. A device was developed to compare the plasticity of cubic face centered metals, and it was found that the maximum plasticity is reached at 90% of the melting point in degrees absolute.Efficiency investigations during extrusion showed that the power consumption required to overcome the radial shear in continuous extrusion is 60% to 77%, whereas the power required to overcome the total shear in extrusion in a piston driven press is 94% to 87%.Extrusions inside a calorimeter showed, on the basis of mechanothermodynamic conversion, that 85% to 94% of the power was used for the deformation of the metal.
    Notes: Das beim kontinuierlichen Strangpressen periodisch auftretende Ausstoßen von trockenen Oxiden ist auf rheologischer Basis erklärt worden. Bei der Anwendung des nach DIN vorgeschriebenen Gerätes zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit treten Fehlmessungen von 70% und mehr auf. Ein neues Gerät wurde konstruiert, um dieses zu vermeiden. Bestimmung der Scherfestigkeit von hochreinem Aluminium bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Schergeschwindigkeiten und die Beziehung zum Verpressen bei ähnlichen Bedingungen wurden aufgestellt. Voraussage des Kraftbedarfes zum Verpressen neuentwickelter Legierungen aufgrund des Vergleiches der Scherfestigkeit dieser Legierungen mit der Scherfestigkeit verpressungsmäßig bekannter Legierungen ist möglich.Isothermische Vorwärtsverpressungs-Untersuchungen von Aluminium in den Reduktionsgrenzen von R = 1,2 bis 300 sind beschrieben. Das lineare Verhältnis in doppelt-logarithmischer Darstellung besteht nur zwischen R=4 bis R=40. Beim indirekten Verpressen wurde gefunden, daß auch unterhalb des Reduktionsverhältnisses R = 4 eine lineare Beziehung in einfach-logarithmischer Darstellung besteht. Es wurde gefunden, daß-beim indirekten Verpressen sich ebenfalls eine “dead metal zone” ausbildet, und dieses erklärt die Abweichung des Druckverlaufes von dem theoretischen Wert.Der Normaldruck auf die Rezipientenwand wurde an mehreren Stellen durch Seitenverpressung bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Reduktionsverhältnissen bestimmt. In dem Gebiet 150° bis 170°C zeigen sich eigenartige Unstetigkeiten. Die Änderung des Normaldruckes als Funktion der Gechwindigkeitsänderung wurde in einer abgestuften Matrize untersucht. Es zeigte sich eine starke Abhängigkeit. Ein Gerät wurde entwickelt, um die temperaturbedingte Plastizität kubisch-flächenzentrierter Metalle zu messen, und es zeigte sich, daß ein Maximum bei 90% der Schmelztemperatur in ∘K lag.Untersuchungen des Wirkungsgrades von Strangpressen zeigte, daß der radiale Scherkraftverbrauch bei kontinuierlicher Verpressung bei etwa 60% bis 77% liegt, während der Gesamtscherkraftverbrauch bei Kolbenpressen sich auf 94% bis 87% beläuft.Verpressungen in einem Kalorimeter ergaben nach mechanothermischen Umrechnungen, daß während des Verpressens 85%-94% der Kraft zur Deformationsarbeit verwandt wird.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyethers with the keto side chains were synthesized by the one-step reaction of dialdehydes (1), alkylene bis(trimethylsilyl) ethers (2), and silyl enol ethers (3) in the presence of 10 mol-% of triphenylmethyl perchlorate (trityl perchlorate). The model reactions using monofunctional analogs showed that silyl enol ether 3h of 4-nitroacetophenone is most effective for the depression of the aldol reaction of the aldehyde with 3. A variety of 1, 2, and 3h with the molar ratio 1:1:2 was polymerized at -50°C to yield polyethers with keto side chains. This polymer synthesis is unusual in that it concurrently constructs both polymer backbone and functional side chains from three starting compounds.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Genetic algorithms are mathematical, highly parallel, adaptive search procedures (i.e., problem solving methods) based loosely on the processes of natural genetics and Darwinian survival of the fittest. Basic genetic algorithms concepts are introduced, genetic algorithm applications are introduced, and results are presented from a project to develop a software tool that will enable the widespread use of genetic algorithm technology.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA, Washington, Technology 2000, Volume 2; p 76-85
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The requirements of a real-time data distribution system are to provide fast, reliable delivery of data from source to destination with little or no impact to the data source. In this particular case, the data sources are inside an operational environment, the Mission Control Center (MCC), and any workstation receiving data directly from the operational computer must conform to the software standards of the MCC. In order to supply data to development workstations outside of the MCC, it is necessary to use gateway computers that prevent unauthorized data transfer back to the operational computers. Many software programs produced on the development workstations are targeted for real-time operation. Therefore, these programs must migrate from the development workstation to the operational workstation. It is yet another requirement for the Data Distribution System to ensure smooth transition of the data interfaces for the application developers. A standard data interface model has already been set up for the operational environment, so the interface between the distribution system and the application software was developed to match that model as closely as possible. The system as a whole therefore allows the rapid development of real-time applications without impacting the data sources. In summary, this approach to a real-time data distribution system provides development users outside of the MCC with an interface to MCC real-time data sources. In addition, the data interface was developed with a flexible and portable software design. This design allows for the smooth transition of new real-time applications to the MCC operational environment.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: Third Annual Workshop on Space Operations Automation and Robotics (SOAR 1989); p 299-303
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The use of a genetic algorithm (GA) for solving the mobile transporter path planning problem is investigated. The mobile transporter is a traveling robotic vehicle proposed for the space station which must be able to reach any point of the structure autonomously. Elements of the genetic algorithm are explored in both a theoretical and experimental sense. Specifically, double crossover, greedy crossover, and tournament selection techniques are examined. Additionally, the use of local optimization techniques working in concert with the GA are also explored. Recent developments in genetic algorithm theory are shown to be particularly effective in a path planning problem domain, though problem areas can be cited which require more research.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: Third Annual Workshop on Space Operations Automation and Robotics (SOAR 1989); p 51-59
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Space Station Freedom will require the supply of items in a regular fashion. A schedule for the delivery of these items is not easy to design due to the large span of time involved and the possibility of cancellations and changes in shuttle flights. This paper presents the basic concepts of a genetic algorithm model, and also presents the results of an effort to apply genetic algorithms to the design of propellant resupply schedules. As part of this effort, a simple simulator and an encoding by which a genetic algorithm can find near optimal schedules have been developed. Additionally, this paper proposes ways in which robust schedules, i.e., schedules that can tolerate small changes, can be found using genetic algorithms.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA, Washington, Technology 2002: The Third National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 1; p 491-500
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