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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • Management  (4)
  • Branchiopoda  (3)
  • I18
  • Kanada
  • 1
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    Characterization of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic penaeid and rock shrimp fisheries based on observer data (2021)
    In:  elizabeth.scott-denton@noaa.gov | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14547 | 403 | 2014-02-14 23:28:43 | 14547 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: In July 2007, a mandatory Federal observer program was implemented to characterize the U.S. Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus, F. duorarum, and Litopenaeus setiferus) fishery. In June 2008, the program expanded to include the South Atlantic penaeid and rock shrimp, Sicyonia spp., fisheries. Data collected from 10,206 tows during 5,197 sea days of observations were analyzed by geographical area and target species. The majority of tows (~70%) sampled were off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. Based on total hours towed, the highest concentrated effort occurred off South Texas and southwestern Florida. Gear information, such as net characteristics, bycatch reduction devices, and turtle excluder devices were fairly consistent among areas and target species. By species categories, finfish comprised the majority (≥57%) of the catch composition in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic penaeid shrimp fisheries, while in the South Atlantic rock shrimp fishery the largest component (41%) was rock shrimp. Bycatch to shrimp ratios were lower than reported in previous studies for the Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp fishery. These decreased ratios may be attributed to several factors, notably decreased shrimp effort and higher shrimp catch per unit of effort (CPUE) in recent years. CPUE density surface plots for several species of interest illustrated spatial differences in distribution. Hot Spot Analyses for shrimp (penaeid and rock) and bycatch species identified areas with significant clustering of high or low CPUE values. Spatial and temporal distribution of protected species interactions were documented.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
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  • 2
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    Analysis of sea turtle bycatch in the commercial shrimp fisheries of Southeast U.S. waters and the Gulf of Mexico (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service/Southeast Fisheries Science Center | Miami, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2139 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:32:42 | 2139 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The coastal shrimp trawl fisheries have long been the focus of conservation actions to reduce turtle bycatch and mortality in the Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. Atlantic (NRC, 1990). Calculation of catch rates of sea turtles in shrimp trawls is necessary to evaluate the impact on sea turtle populations. In this paper we analyze sea turtle bycatch to provide an estimate of the current number of interactions with otter trawl gear as well as an estimate of the number of fatal inions in Southeast U.S. waters and the Gulf of Mexico. We also provide an estimate of the number of individuals likely to die in the future with the new regulations that will require an increase in the size of the escape openings in trutle excluder devices (TEDs). The new regulations will allow many more turtles to escape. Other gears also are discussed. (PDF contains 24 pages)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 3
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    Descriptions of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Bottom Longline and Vertical Line Fisheries Based on Observer Data (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9662 | 403 | 2012-08-14 16:29:20 | 9662 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: In July 2006, a mandatory observer program was implemented to characterize the commercial reef fish fishery operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The primary gear types assessed included bottom longline and vertical line (bandit and handline). A total of 73,205 fish (183 taxa) were observed in the longline fishery. Most (66%) were red grouper, Epinephelus morio, and yellowedge grouper, E. flavolimbatus. In the vertical line fishery, 89,015 fish (178 taxa) were observed of which most (60%) were red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens. Based on surface observations of discarded under-sized target and unwanted species, the majority of fish were released alive; minimum assumed mortality was 23% for the vertical line and 24% for the bottom longline fishery. Of the individuals released alive in the longline fishery, 42% had visual signs of barotrauma stress (air bladder expansion/and or eyes protruding). In the vertical line fishery, 35% of the fish were released in a stressed state. Red grouper and red snapper size composition by depth and gear type were determined. Catch-per-unit-effort for dominant species in both fisheries, illustrated spatial differences in distribution between the eastern and western Gulf. Hot Spot Analyses for red grouper and red snapper identified areas with significant clustering of high or low CPUE values.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 4
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    Skimmer Trawl Fishery Catch Evaluations in Coastal Louisiana, 2004 and 2005 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/9709 | 403 | 2012-08-14 16:51:02 | 9709 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Fishery observers collected data from 307 tows during 96 trips aboard skimmer trawl vessels in Louisiana’s coastal waters from September 2004 through June 2005 to estimate catch rates of target and nontarget species, including sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae), by area and season during commercial shrimping operations. About 16,965.7 kg of total catch were recorded during 517.0 hours of fishing operations. Based on weight extrapolations from species composition samples, penaeid shrimp (Penaeidae)dominated the catch at 66%, followed by finfish at 19%, nonpenaeid shrimp crustaceans at 7%, discarded penaeid shrimp at 6%, and debris at 3%. Noncrustaceaninvertebrates comprised less than 1%. Catch rates in kilograms per hour by category was 21.6 for penaeid shrimp, 6.2 for finfish, 2.2 for nonpenaeid crustaceans, 1.8 for discarded penaeid shrimp, and 0.9 for debris. White shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, other penaeid shrimp, and Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, were the top three dominant species by weight. Seasonally, a higher catch rate was observed from May through August 2005 for penaeid shrimpas compared with the September through December 2004 period. Conversely, the September through December 2004 period experienced a higher catch rate for finfish than during May through August 2005. No sea turtle interactions were documented.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On potentials and relevance of the use of copulatory structures in anostracan taxonomy (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Anostraca ; genital morphology ; genus concept
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews and extends the knowledge of anostracan penile morphology and its taxonomic significance. Since Linder‘s pioneering classification(based partly on male genital characters), the morphology of both basal and distal penile parts has been applied repeatedly to reorganize or establish higher anostracan taxa, or to extend their diagnoses. In general, the configuration of both basal and distal penile structures follows a constant pattern in well-defined genera. Size and shape of processes and spinulation on the basal (in Linderiella and Chirocephalidae) and the distal parts (in Parartemia), however, may show inter-specific differences. Variability in penile structures in the current genus Brachinella indicates the need for a taxonomic revision of this genus. Similar intra-generic penis morphology may contribute to hybridizability of congeners and validate Dubois‘genus concept for use in anostracans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003125812020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branchinella maduraiensis Raj (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) shown by new evidence to be a valid species (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; Branchinella ; taxonomy ; morphology ; India
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa) was long considered a widely, though disjunctly, distributed species occurring from Japan through eastern Asia to southern India. Attempts by Raj (1951, 1961) to make the Indian populations a new variety (B. k. var. madurai) on the basis of antennal and frontal appendage morphology and on its distribution pattern, were considered unconvincing by later authors. Our new comparison of Japanese and Indian specimens has revealed several differences. The resting egg shells of B. kugenumaensis from Japan have irregular polygonal fields; whereas, the shells of the Indian taxon have lip-like units covered with spinules. Furthermore, there are lobes lateral to the basal penes in the Indian specimens that are lacking in the Japanese taxon. As well as differences in antennal and frontal appendage morphology. These differences correspond with previous illustrations of populations from both geographic regions and lead us to consider Raj's proposed subspecies as a valid species. This brings the number of accepted species in the genus Branchinella to 34. More specimens will need to be evaluated from the area between India and Japan to determine if B. maduraiensis is endemic to the Indian subcontinent or is more broadly distributed on the Asian mainland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003173727950
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large branchiopod assemblages common to Mexico and the United States (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 45-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Branchiopoda ; community ecology ; sympatry ; co-occurrence ; temporary pools
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present observations on the frequency of large branchiopod associations found in north-central Mexico, and in Arizona, USA. Of a total of 25 species involved in these assemblages, 12 were common in both areas. Fifty-eight (43.3%) of the ponds in Mexico, and seventy-eight (47%) of those in Arizona had two or more species present. The combinations of species which occurred with highest frequency were Streptocephalus mackini with Thamnocephalus platyurus for Arizona, and T. platyurus, Triops sp., and Leptestheria compleximanus for Mexico. In Mexico, and Arizona, as in many parts of the world, multispecies assemblages of large branchiopods are a common phenomenon. Therefore, the ’common rule‘ of’one-phyllopod-per-habitat‘ advanced by Weise (1964) is inconsistent with field observations. Furthermore, since cases of co-occurrence of two or more congeneric species of Anostraca and Notostraca are not uncommon, generalizations about congeners not coexisting remain applicable only for the Spinicaudata and Laevicaudata. On the basis of the literature, and of observations in the field and in the laboratory, we list potential factors contributing to the co-occurrence of several species within a pond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003102601542
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of radical trapping reagents upon formation of poly(α-tetrahydrothiophenio para-xylylene) polyelectrolytes by the wessling soluble precursor method (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2223-2231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(arylene vinylene) ; poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) ; poly(para-phenylene vinylene) ; para-xylylene ; 1,4-benzoquinodimethane ; radical polymerization ; conducting polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular weights were studied by gel permeation chromatography of derivatized poly(α-tetrahydrothiophenio para-xylylene) chloride produced by aqueous or methanolic base-induced polymerization of 1,4-bis(tetrahydrothiopheniomethyl) benzene dichloride, both with and without a variety of added polymerization inhibiting agents. Efficient radical scavenging agents such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl and hydrogen atom donor 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylaniline reduced the degree of polymerization of the reactive α-(tetrahydrothiophenium chloride)-para-xylylene intermediate produced in this chemistry, and in some cases completely suppressed formation of high polymer. These two traps did not affect the equilibrium production of the para-xylylene by UV-Vis spectral analysis; hence they must affect the subsequent polymerization chain propagation steps in the mechanism. Electron spin resonance studies of polymerization in the presence of 0.00025 equiv of TEMPO showed disappearance of the spin label, a result consistent with a radical scavenging process. The results suggest that production of high molecular weight poly(α-tetrahydrothiophenio para-xylylene) chloride proceeds through a radical chain propagation sequence. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Para-Xylylenes and analogues by base-induced elimination from 1,4-bis-(dialkylsulfoniomethyl)arene salts in poly(1,4-arylene vinylene) synthesis by the wessling soluble precursor method (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2233-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: para-xylylenes ; 1,4-benzoquinodimethanes ; conducting polymers ; poly(arylene vinylene)s ; poly(phenylene vinylene)s ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: para-Xylylenes are generated by treatment of various 1,4-bis(dialkylsulfoniomethyl)arene dihalides with base in water, methanol, and aqueous acetonitrile, as shown by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This procedure allows the monitoring of the transient xylylene monomers that yield polyelectrolyte precursor polymers for poly(arylene vinylene)s, formed by variations of the chemistry developed originally by Wessling and co-workers. Alkoxy, alkyl, and halogen ring substituents on the sulfonium salt precursors do not greatly affect the ability to generate and observe the growth and decay of steady-state concentrations of the para-xylylene intermediates. Use of strong resonance-acceptor substituents - such as cyano or nitro - on the ring reduces production of a strong para-xylylene absorption, possibly due to reluctance of the ylides initially formed from the bis-sulfonium salts to eliminate to the xylylenes. By variation of UV-Vis conditions, it was found that use of 20% aqueous acetonitrile rather than water allowed formation of low to modest molecular weight polyelectrolytes in cyano-substituted cases (Mw = 8000-37,000). Use of UV-Vis test experiments should be useful for screening of bis sulfonium salt precursors that may be expected to give high molecular weight polyelectrolytes - in cases where para-xylylene formation is easy - as well as for finding reaction conditions that will optimize polymer formation. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ FTIR investigation of MMA plasmas, plasma-polymerized films, and reaction mechanisms (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 587-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: plasma polymerization ; methyl methacrylate ; in situ FTIR/ATR diagnostic ; in situ FTIR plasma diagnostic ; analysis of variance ; regression analysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) plasmas and plasma-polymerized methyl methacrylate (PPMMA) films were studied in situ with FTIR and FTIR/ATR (attenuated total reflection) in an r.f. capacitively coupled glow discharge. A statistically designed experiment was conducted by varying the r.f. power, process pressure, and MMA flow rate. MMA plasma fragments were identified from the gas-phase FTIR measurements. They include the intermediate species such as dimethylketene, formaldehyde, allene, and propene; small hydrocarbons such as acetylene, methane, and ethylene; and oxygenates such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methanol. Statistical analysis techniques (correlation analysis, analysis of variance and regression analysis) were used on both gas and film data. Gas-phase reaction mechanisms are proposed, and the relationship between the gas and film data is investigated to understand the film deposition chemistry. The deposition rate is positively correlated to the relative concentrations of MMA fragments which are identified as the major film precursors in the deposition process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 587-602, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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