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  • Geosciences (General)  (29)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (23)
  • Animals  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature diffusivity and heat conductivity of Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn and thin spun-on polymer films (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2 (1991), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Thin films ; Heat conductivity ; Thermal instruments and techniques ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The temperature diffusivity β and heat conductivity κ of thin polymer films were measured at room temperature. Temperature waves were excited at one side of the film and detected at the other side with a pyroelectric foil (PVDF). The dependence of β and κ on chemical and structural parameters have been studied. For the first time, Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn multilayer assemblies prepared from “hairy rod” polymers were characterized: μm thin films of stiff polyamides prepared by spincoating exhibit heat conductivities an order of magnitude larger than “classical” polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreactive Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn multilayer assemblies from functionalized liquid-crystalline side chain polymers, I. Homopolymers containing azobenzene chromophores (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2 (1991), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stable monomolecular layers of a liquid-crystalline homopolymer bearing azobenzene chromophores in the mesogenic side groups could be prepared at the water-air interface by slow compression at room temperature. From the area per monomer unit of A0≈0.25 nm2 a structural model with tightly packed azobenzene groups oriented nearly parallel to the surface normal was deduced. After transfer to a solid support in a Y-type mode the obtained Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) multilayer assemblies of varying thicknesses (from a double layer to a thick film of d = 238 nm, capable of guiding optical modes) were prepared and analyzed by X-ray reflection and optical evanescent wave techniques. A monolayer thickness of d0 = 2.52 nm, as well as the anisotropic index of refraction of these layers, could thus be evaluated.Photo-isomerization by UV-irradiation (at λ = (360±30)nm) was examined by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. X-ray reflectivity data of samples illuminated for 30 min showed a complete loss of the layered structure of the LBK samples. As a result strongly light-scattering films were obtained. Surface plasmon microscopy was used to demonstrate the usefulness of this photo-induced order-disorder transition for optical information storage.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn multilayer assemblies of NLO active amphiphiles and ionene polymers: Importance of complementary charges (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 7 (1996), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: LBK films ; alternating layers ; ionenes ; NLO chromophores ; surface plasmon spectroscopy ; X-ray reflection and diffraction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn films of ionene polymers and nonlinear optically (NLO) active amphiphiles were investigated using several ultrathin film-sensitive techniques to determine multilayer ordering. Studies involved the formation of “passive-active” AB y-type multilayers of the ionenes and the NLO active amphiphiles. Deposition was possible with the use of an alternate three compartment dipping trough. The multilayer structures and thicknesses were verified by X-ray diffraction and reflection measurements and surface plasmon spectroscopy on a gold-coated glass substrate. Two main factors were determined to be responsible for the formation of stable alternating film architectures, namely electrostatic interaction in the hydrophilic layers and the van der Waals interaction in the hydrophobic layers. The use of ionenes as a class of amphiphilic polymers allowed the preparation of films with excellent optical quality.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced protein adsorption on plastics via direct plasma deposition of triethylene glycol monoallyl ether (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: plasma deposition ; film chemistry control ; triethylene glycol monoallyl ether ; PEO (polyethylene oxide) ; protein adsorption ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The direct plasma-induced deposition of tri(ethylene glycol) monoallyl ether is reported. RF plasma polymerization of this monomer was carried out under both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed plasma operation. The major focus of this work was optimization of the degree of retention of the C-O-C bonds of the starting monomer during the deposition process. This successfully was accomplished using low RF power during the CW runs and low RF duty cycles during the pulsed plasma experiments. Spectroscopic analysis of the plasma films revealed a strong dependence of film composition on the RF power and duty cycles employed. In particular, an unusually high level of film chemistry compositional control was demonstrated for the pulsed plasma studies, with film composition varying in a steady, progressive fashion with sequential changes in the ratios of plasma on to plasma off times. This film chemistry controllability is demonstrated despite the relatively low volatility of the starting monomer. The utility of this plasma deposition approach in introducing polyethylene oxide (PEO) structures on solid substrates was evaluated via protein adsorption studies. Radiolabeled bovine albumin adsorption was studied on plasma-modified poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) substrates. Dramatic reductions in both initial adsorption and retention of this protein were observed on PET samples having maximal PEO content relative to its adsorption on untreated PET surfaces. Good stability and adhesion of the plasma films to the underlying PET substrates were observed, as evidenced from prolonged immersion of plasma-treated surfaces in aqueous solution. Overall, the results obtained from the present work provide additional support for the utility of one-step plasma process to reduce biological fouling of surfaces via deposition of PEO surface units. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 181-189, 1997.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreactive chiral liquid-crystalline side-group copolymers containing azobenzene mesogens (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 1235-1247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of liquid-crystalline copolymers 1 with a chiral azobenzene moiety as photoreactive mesogenic unit was prepared. The polymers were fractionated and the mesophase behaviour of the high- and low-molecular weight fractions was examined. The copolymers display smectic A and cholesteric phases. For the cholesteric phases the pitch of the helix was determined, which ranges from 3 to 20 μm. Stable monolayers at the air-water interface were obtained from two monomers and one of the homopolymers. Multilayer assemblies of the azobenzene-containing polymers can be used to study photo-induced order/disorder transitions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1992.021930520
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer thin films and interfaces characterized with evanescent light (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 2827-2856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the use of evanescent light for the optical characterization of polymer thin films and interfaces. Firstly, a few basic concepts of evanescent wave phenomena, including total internal reflection, plasmon surface polaritons and guided optical modes, are reviewed. It is shown that the excitation of these waves allows for a sensitive determination of the optical architecture of the interface(s) involved. This “surface light” can then be used for the same broad range of optical techniques as it is known from experimental set-ups designed for the investigation of various optical properties of polymer samples using plane electromagnetic waves, i.e. “normal” photons. This is demonstrated for diffraction experiments, microscopic investigations, inelastic scattering, e.g. Brillouin- or Raman-spectroscopies, etc. The examples given include thin polymer films prepared by spin-coating or by the Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn technique. It is shown that properties and processes at solid-solution interfaces can be investigated equally well, and even surfaces of bulk samples can be characterized.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021921201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amoeba - a flexible organism called RIKENI would like to thank Prof. M. Oda for the diagram of the RIKEN amoeba and Mr. Soichi Mori from the Advisory Council's Secretariat for giving me a paper on RIKEN's management from which I could take many details about the institute. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 5 (1993), S. 604-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050902
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of optical evanescent waves in vacuum-deposited thin films of α-oligothiophenesWe wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Taiji Furuno who very kindly performed the SEM measurements on our thin films. The authors also thank Dr. Reinald Lawall for fruitful discussions about the optical measurements. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 5 (1993), S. 570-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19930050713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the glass transition in ultrathin polymer films of different molecular architecture (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 1435-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optical waveguide spectroscopy has been employed to monitor the temperature dependence of the refractive index, k = ∂n/∂T, and of the thermal (linear) expansivity, ß = (∂d/∂T) · d-1, for thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films of thicknesses d 〉 0.2 μm independently from each other. A break in the linearized slope of n (and d) was identified as the film glass transition temperature, Tg. For thinner samples only surface plasmon resonances could be analyzed, but the kinetic mode, i.e. reflectivity-versus-temperature scans, still gave reliable Tg values. The PMMA films of different thicknesses, ranging from d ∼ 3 nm to d ∼ 800 nm, were prepared by three different techniques: by spin-casting from solution, by the grafting-from approach and by the Langmuir/Blodgett/Kuhn technique. We found that all these films prepared on hydrophobic substrates show the expected decrease of Tg for ultrathin samples (d 〈 100 nm). However, this behavior is independent of the strongly varying intramolecular architecture and organization of the macromolecular chains in the various films.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute propagation rate coefficients in radical polymerization from gel permeation chromatography of polymers produced by intermittent initiation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 6 (1997), S. 393-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The pulsed laser polymerization technique is now a well accepted method to determine propagation rate coefficients for radical polymerization from molar mass distributions resulting from intermittent initiation. A simplified apparatus for the periodic photoinitiation is used which is much less expensive than the laser equipment. The usefulness of the simplified equipment was proved by the determination of kp for styrene at technically relevant temperatures up to 130°C for the first time. Furthermore, careful inspection of the molar mass distribution (mmd) reveals that depending on the reaction conditions, inflection points (Li) can not only be found at integer multiples of kp • to • [M] but also at 0.5i • kp • to • [M], i = 1, 2, 3, … . A rule to find the inflection points leading to correct values for kp is proposed. It is shown that the shape of the mmd inter alia depends on the amount of primary radical termination compared to the termination reaction between growing chains. With dominant primary termination, the maxima of the distribution will give the correct kp, whereas in the absence of primary termination the inflection points should be used. Experimental conditions like initiator concentration, light intensity etc. may influence the position of the Li at least to some extent, and so may give a small but principal error or uncertainty in kp. A new mathematical method for the time-dependent simulation of the resulting mmd is presented which allows the calculations being performed on a PC within an acceptable time.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1997.040060207
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