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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (35)
  • 13C-enrichment
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and emulsion copolymerization of amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomer possessing a vinyl ester group (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: amphiphilic macromonomer ; poly(2-oxazoline) ; emulsion copolymerization ; vinyl ester group ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present article describes the synthesis and emulsion copolymerization of a block-type amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomer possessing a polymerizable vinyl ester group. The macromonomer was synthesized by one-pot two-stage block copolymerization of 2-oxazolines using vinyl iodoacetate as initiator. 2-Methyl- and 2-n-butyl-2-oxazolines were employed for the construction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, respectively. The surface activities evaluated by the surface tension of the macromonomer in water were fairly good. Emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate with the macromonomer was carried out. The macromonomer acted as a polymeric surfactant, as well as a comonomer. The resulting copolymer latex particles were spherical and their diameter was in the sub-micron range. The effects of the composition of the macromonomer on the emulsion copolymerization and the resulting latex particles were examined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of 3-methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone: A cyclic analog of N-substituted methacrylamide (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 949-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical polymerization ; 3-methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone ; exomethylene cyclic monomers ; kinetics ; monomer reactivity ratios ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (α-MDMP), a cyclic analog of N-substituted methacrylamide, was synthesized and polymerized with α,α′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in solution. Poly(α-MDMP) is only soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature. Thermogravimetry of poly(α-MDMP) showed 10% weight loss at 355°C in air and 400°C under nitrogen, respectively. The kinetics of α-MDMP homopolymerization with AIBN was investigated in DMSO. The rate of polymerization (Rp) can be expressed by Rp = k[AIBN]0.49[α-MDMP]1.0 and the overall activation energy has been calculated to be 73.2 kJ/mol. Monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization of α-MDMP (M2) with methyl methacrylate (M1) are r1 = 0.71 and r2 = 0.71, from which Q and e values of α-MDMP are calculated as 0.75 and -0.43, respectively. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310413
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of poly(aryleneethynylene)-type copolymers containing flexible linking methylene units. Optical properties of the copolymers suggesting occurrence of energy transfer between π-conjugated local units (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2201-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(aryleneethynylene) ; palladium-catalyzed ; copolymer ; optical properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Palladium-catalyzed polycondensation between 2,5-diiodo-3-hexylthiophene I-Th(Hex)-I with mixtures of p-diethynylbenzene HC≡C - Ph - C≡CH and α,ω-diethynylalkane HC≡C(CH2)lC≡CH (l = 3 or 8) gives poly(aryleneethynylene) PAE-type copolymers [C≡C(CH2)lC≡C - Th(Hex)]m[C≡C - Ph - C≡C - Th(Hex)]n containing the methylene unit. The copolymers have a molecular weight (Mn) of about 1.2 × 104 as determined by GPC (polystyrene standard) and are considered to possess essentially a random sequences in view of the  - C≡C(CH2)lC≡C -  and  - C≡C - Ph - C≡C -  units as judged from their UV-visible spectra. By the incorporation of the (CH2)l unit, the λmax position of the corresponding PAE homopolymer [C≡C - Ph - C≡C - Th(Hex)]n is shifted to a shorter wavelength. However, the copolymers give rise to a photoluminescence PL peak essentially agreeing with a PL peak of the homopolymer, suggesting occurrence of energy transfer in the copolymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2201-2207, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-electron transfer in photoelectrochemical processes (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: photoelectrochemistry ; multi-electron transfer ; semiconductor particle ; light excitation ; molecular conversion reactions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Simultaneous bidirectional forward and backward electron transfers take place on a light-exited semiconductor particle, even at the same geometric site. The potentials of the electron pathways are different, giving rise to two independent molecular conversion reactions. This type of multi-electron transfer reactions is overviewed and the stepwise unidirectional multi-electron transfer on the excited semiconductor particle is also described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220060304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen-immobilized hydrogel as material for lamellar keratoplasty (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel disc covalently immobilized with Type I collagen, fibronectin, and an adhesive oligopeptide and preseeded with corneal epithelial cells was implanted in rabbit cornea using a technique of lamellar keratoplasty, and the tissue response was studied by light and electron microscopy. Covalent immobilization of type I colagen on the surfaceof hydrogel was found to support growth and adhesion of the corneal epithelium in vitro. the in vivo experiment showed that cell seeding could prevant infection of the hydrogel. However, the implanted disc was rejected from the host cornea by epithelial downgrowth and the exchange between the seeded cells and host corneal epithelia was not observed until 14 days after surgery. The rejection might have occurred because of unsatisfactory fixation of the hydrogel to the host cornea.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial - Photosensitive polyimides (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 4 (1993), S. 215-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1993.220040401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of methylene bridge type of mixed meta and para-cresol-formaldehyde novolaks by 13C-NMR spectroscopy (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cresol-formaldehyde resins are important components of photoresists for semiconductor fabrication. The type of methylene bridge and relative amounts thereof are key structural features that determine resin properties. Several model compounds were prepared that represent the various types of methylene bridges that are possible from condensation of meta- and para-cresol with formaldehyde. The methylene bridges were characterized by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and the assignments made were used to analyze spectra of cresol-formaldehyde novolak resin and several oligomer types. The effect of complexation with metal ion on the methylene bridge chemical shift was investigated for one oligomer. The effect of bridging position on the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the phenolic hydroxyl group was investigated by infrared spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450219
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of water-ethanol by pervaporation through polyion complex composite membranePaper presented at 3rd International Conference on Pervaporation Processes in the Chemical Industry, September 1922, Nancy, France. (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 3229-3239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For the purpose of separating alcohol-water mixtures by the use of the pervaporation technique, new composite membranes composed of polyion complexes (PIC) as a separating layer were developed. The polyion complex structure, consisting of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polycation, provided excellent permeation rate and selectivity. Among the polycations, ionenes, which have quaternary ammonium groups in the backbone chain, were effective in giving membranes of higher permselectivities. High selectivity of PIC membranes was observed at high ethanol concentration regions in the feed mixture. For the azeotropic mixture of water/ethanol (95 wt % EtOH) at 60°C, the PAA-based PIC membrane had the following separation properties: separation factor ∼ 3,500 and permeation rate ∼ 1.6 kg/m2 h.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070421216
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage drawing of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1013-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Initially amorphous and semicrystalline films of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) with different molecular weights were drawn by two-stage drawing, that is, coextrusion at low temperatures (25-160°C) followed by tensile drawing at high temperatures (200-245°C). Both films could be drawn up to a draw ratio of 8-10 by this method under controlled conditions. The tensile modulus and strength of drawn samples were greatly affected by the draw temperature for the first stage, predrawn morphology, and molecular weight. The remarkable effects of these variables on the tensile properties are closely related to the difference in the resultant amorphous chain orientation of the samples, reflecting the disentanglements and chain slippage during drawing, and the dissipation of chain orientation after processing.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Casting of organic glass by radiation-induced polymerization of glass-forming monomers at low temperatures. VI. Casting polymerization of methyl methacrylate prepolymer by irradiation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Casting of methyl methacrylate prepolymer by irradiation at relatively low temperatures was studied. It was difficult to completely glassify the methyl methacrylate monomer and prepolymer, and so the casting was carried out at temperatures above its melting point (-48°C). The optical strain formed in this stream remained of the stress type, and optical strain formation was reduced with increasing prepolymer concentration and decreasing temperature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220104
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