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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (957)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (388)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,345)
  • Wiley
  • 1
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pulmonary veins of albino Wistar rats were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The media of larger veins consists of cardiac muscle fibers which extend until the vessels attain about 100 μ in diameter. This coat consists of external longitudinal fibers and internal circular fibers. The vasa vasorum are well developed and the capillaries show pseudofenestrations. The numerous adrenergic and cholinergic nerve endings do not form typical motor end-plates as seen in skeletal muscles. The ultrastructure of these media muscle fibers is similar to that of rat hearts. The smooth muscle layer of larger pulmonary veins is not continuous as it is in smaller veins where it forms cushions. Comparisons of albino rats and other rodents reveal striking differences.Action potential shape and propagation velocity (0.5-1.2 m/s) along the myocardial coat of the pulmonary vein were similar to those observed in the left atrium and so was their sensitivity to locally applied acetylcholine. The physiological direction of propagation in rat pulmonary veins is toward the lung. This finding lends support to the hypothesis of a rhythmic, valve-like action of the striated musculature of the pulmonary venous wall during the systole and a possible role in the capacitance of the pulmonary circulation.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 829-845 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This article describes the histological and ultrastructural appearance of the interface created in the implantation bed, between bone tissue and implants made of dense sintered hydroxyapatite (HA). Biopsies from dog subjects included: (a) loaded permucosal dental implants for tooth substitution, (b) subperiosteally placed implants for alveolar bone correction, (c) endosseously placed dental root implants to retain ridge form following extraction. The light and electron microscopical results show extensive bone apposition on the osseous sides of the implant surfaces. There is an intimate, direct bone contact without any visible interruption. The bone is of normal lamellar type and continuously connected with the trabecular bone. Bone has grown into the finest surface irregularities of the implant. Collagen fibers of the calcified bone matrix are observed within a distance less than 500 Å from the implant surface. The thin (20-100 Å) electron dense layer at the bone-implant interface resembled the lamina limitans of organic bone matrix, also seen at the inner walls of the osteocytes lacunes. Deposition of bone gives rise to a biologically stable bone-implant interface, without disturbance of the physiological bone turnover. This is seen as very favorable for desired long term fixation of implant to bone.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 81 (1973), S. 149-151 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Warming of exponentially growing T. pyriformis to 34°C results in severe inhibition of nucleotide pool formation. The utilization of the pool for stable RNA synthesis is poorly affected at the high temperature. It thus appears that the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA precursors are not primarily impaired at 34°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Temperaturbereich von 60 bis 100°C wird die radikalische Polymerisation von Styrol, Methylmethacrylat und Acrylnitril von α.α′-Dicyanodibenzylen ausgelöst, die in α-und α′-Stellung mit Ester-, Nitril-, Amid- oder Phenylgruppen disubstituiert sind. Bei 100 bis 110°C ist auch das α.α.α′.α′-Tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl aktiv. Vinylacetat und Vinylchlorid werden durch diese Initiatoren kaum polymerisiert.Fur die Polymerisation des Styrols wurden die Bruttogeschwindigkeitskonstanten Kp, für viele Dibenzyle und fur Peroxide vergleichbarer Aktivitat dilatornetrisch bestirnrnt. Norrnalerweise sind die Zeit-Urnsatz-Kurven rnit den Dibenzylen und den Peroxiden vergleichbar; das Tetracyanodibenzyl allerdings bewirkt nur eine unvollstandige Polymerisation.Der große Einfiuß von Substituenten in α-Stellung oder in den Phenylringen der Dibenzyle auf die Polymerisation des Styrols wird diskutiert. Dabei ist auch die Stereochernie wichtig. Die meso-Form des Dinitrildiesters ergibt eine 2.5- bis 3.5 ma1 schnellere Polyrnerisation als das dl-Isornere.Die Dissoziationsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten kd der Initiatoren wurden NMR-spektroskopisch aus der Linienbreite bestirnmt. Die Dinitrildiester sind gute Initiatoren, wahrend die α.α′-Dicyanodibenzyle rnit weiteren Nitril- oder Phenylgruppen in α- und α′-Stellung wenig geeignet sind. SchlieBlich wurde die 1.2-Addition einiger der Dibenzyle an Styrol im Ternperaturbereich von 120 bis 150°C rnit der Methode der chernisch induzierten KernPolarisation (CIDNP) untersucht.
    Notes: The radical polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile is initiated by α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester, nitrile, amide or phenyl groups in the temperature range 60 to 100°C and by α.α.α′.α′-tetracarboxymethyldibenzyl at 100 to 110°C. Vinylacetate and vinylchloride show a low reactivity.The overall polymerization rate constants Kp have been determined dilatometrically for styrene initiated by a large number of dibenzyls and comparable peroxides. The styrene polymerization curves are generally comparable with those of peroxides. A notable exception is tetracyanodibenzyl.The strong influence of α- and ring-substituents in the dibenzyls on the styrene polymerization rate is discussed. The stereochemistry is also important : the meso α.α′-dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups give a 2.5 to 3.5 fold faster polymerization than their dl isomers.The initiator efficiency is related to the kd values, determined from NMR line width measurements. The α.α′- dicyanodibenzyls α.α′-disubstituted with ester groups are good initiators, while those with phenyl groups and nitrile groups are inefficient.Relevant to initiation and termination, the 1.2-addition of some of the dimers to styrene at 120 to 150°C has been studied with chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: video-microscopy ; colloidal gold ; immunocytochemistry ; microtubules ; receptors ; saltatory motion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe a new approach to probe the molecular biology of the living cell that uses small colloidal gold particles coupled to specific ligands. They are visualized in cells by bright-field, video enhanced contrast microscopy. We describe the basic aspects of the technique and provide examples of applications to intracellular motility, cell membrane dynamics, receptor translocation, internalization, and intracellular routing. We also provide examples of the use of this approach in immunospecific labelling of cells and tissue sections.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1327-1333 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: aromatic polyamides ; polyisophthalamides ; phenylthio pendent groups ; 5-phenylthioisophthalic acid ; phosphorylation polycondensation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyisophthalamides containing pendent phenylthio groups was prepared from seven aromatic diamines and 5-phenylthioisophthalic acid by the phosphorylation polycondensation method. The properties of these polymers were compared with those of the analogous unmodified ones. The modified polymers exhibited better solubility in organic solvents than their unmodified counterparts. They also showed glass transition temperatures that were lower by approximately 30°C. However, the presence of the side groups did not bring about any substantial lowering of the thermal stability as measured by TGA. Other properties investigated were mechanical strength and water sorption.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1987-1994 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: aromatic polyamides ; polyisophthalalamides ; pendent oligomeric benzamide groups ; 5-(4-benzoylamino-1-benzoylamino)isophthalic acid ; water uptake ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyisophthalamides having pendent oligomeric benzamide groups were prepared by the Yamazaki reaction from common aromatic diamines and 5-(4-benzoylamino-1-benzoylamino)isophthalic acid. The latter was synthesized from 5-aminoisophthalic acid in a three-step synthesis by successive incorporation of benzamido groups. The new polymers were characterized by NMR, DSC, TGA, and WAXD and the properties were compared to those of corresponding unsubstituted polyisophthalamides. All of the polymers were essentially amorphous and their Tgs were about 20°C higher than the reference polymers. Initial thermal decomposition temperatures ranged from 375 to 420°C. All of the polymers were soluble in aprotic polar solvents without added salts. Properties of particular note were: the water uptake, which was particularly high, ranging from 7.5 to 18.2%, and the temporary insolubilization in concentrated sulfuric acid of films of the polymers heated for a short time to ≥ 200°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 737-748 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: inverse microemulsion polymerization ; MADQUAT ; nucleation ; photopolymerization ; molecular weights ; flocculants ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of inverse microemulsions of 2-methacryloyl oxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride stabilized by a blend of nonionic emulsifiers (a sorbitan sesquioleate and a sorbitan monooleate) and initiated by UV light in the presence of Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) was investigated. The effect of initiator concentration, light intensity, emulsifier concentration, and dispersed phase weight fraction on the polymerization rate (Rp), number of polymer particles (Np), and polymer molecular weight (Mw) was studied. The application of this process to tubular reactors is discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 737-748, 1998
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1981), S. 469-483 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; nucleation ; mitosis ; nocodazole ; immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The reassembly of microtubules is described in mitotic cells after release from nocodazole-induced block. The formation of microtubules was followed by light microscopic immunocytochemical staining using the PAP method, combined with to-luidine blue staining of the chromatin. The light microscopic observations on whole cells were compared with ultrastructural observations on thin sections. This step is essential to ascertain complete destruction of microtubules during the nocodazole treatment and to correlate immunocytochemical staining with the presence of microtubules.Removal of nocodazole (10 or 1 μg/ml) after a sufficiently long incubation to induce a complete disappearance of microtubules resulted in the appearance of tubulin staining specifically associated with the centromeres and with one or two isolated points in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that the staining was due to the massive accumulation of small microtubules at the kinetochores and centrosomes. Kinetochore nucleation was seen only in association with condensed metaphase-stage chromosomes and not with the less-condensed prophase chromosomes.In a second type of experiment cells were allowed to enter mitosis in the presence of an incompletely active concentration of nocodazole (0.1 μg/ml). The construction of the mitotic spindle was arrested; however, short microtubules were assembled at the kinetochores and centrosomes.These experiments demonstrate that in living mitotic PTK2 cells the kinetochores, as well as the centrosomes, exert a nucleating action on tubulin assembly.The further elongation of microtubules after removal of nocodazole was seen to occur preferentially along axes between the centrosomes and the kinetochores. This resulted in the construction of normal metaphases that evolved through anaphase and telophase. We have attempted to formulate a hypothesis that may explain the oriented assembly that seems to be essential in the construction of the spindle.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 483-493 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of polyisophthalamides containing pendent oxybenzoyl groups were prepared from 5-oxybenzoyl-isophthaloyl chloride and aromatic diamines. The analogous unsubstituted polyisophthalamides were also prepared in order to compare the two series and to determine the effect of oxybenzoyl pendent groups on the properties of aromatic polyamides. The modified polymers exhibited better solubility than, and approximately the same glass transition temperatures (in the range 260-290°C) as, the parent unsubstituted polymers. The mechanical strength of polymer films was affected only to a small extent by the presence of side groups, but the thermal resistance was negatively affected, with the result that polyisophthalamides with oxybenzoyl pendent groups began to decompose at about 360°C (TGA), 60-100°C lower than the unsubstituted polyisophthalamides. By means of an appropriate thermal treatment, crosslinking of the modified polymers was achieved and their thermal resistance significantly enhanced.
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