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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (432)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (13)
  • 1955-1959  (445)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of an ion exchanger selective for nickel and containing a vicinal dioxime group has been investigated. This problem has previously been studied by Kljačko who briefly reported the preparation of an ion exchange resin by introduction of dimethylglyoxime into a sulforesorcinol-type catex in the condensation stage. Repetition of his work showed that the resin thus obtained has some serious shortcomings. Thus, loss of dimethylglyoxime was observed both by elution and by destruction on reaction with formaldehyde, which leads to the disappearance of the complex-forming properties of the resin. The elution of dimethylglyoxime from the resin may be avoided by introducing the 1,2-dioxime grouping into a molecule which itself is capable of undergoing polymerization with formaldehyde, e.g., p, p′-dihydroxybenzildioxime; this does not, however, avoid the destructive effect of formaldehyde on the dioxime grouping. Another approach consists in suitably modifying a phenol-formaldehyde resin. Thus, good retention of nickel was realized with the o-(2,3-dioximinobutyl)derivative of a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. The disadvantage of this particular material is its low stability, especially at high pH values. More resistant resins could be obtained from a polystyrene resin by successive introduction of a propionyl group, nitrosation, and oximation. An investigation of the constitution of the polymeric material showed that the propionyl group is introduced into the p-position, whereas in monomeric styrene the propionyl group enters into the β-position of the side chain. The dioxime derivative of polystyrene has a capacity for nickel of 2 meq./g. The coloration of the polymer corresponded to that of a low molecular weight dioxime-nickel complex. The ion-exchanger prepared from linear polystyrene did not have suitable mechanical properties; subsequent studies were therefore carried out on a suspension styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (0:3; 1.0% DVB). Conditions for obtaining the desired amount of substitution were found. At present, the influence of the concentration of the primary substituent on the reactivity of the copolymer is being studied.
    Notes: Es wurde die Synthese eines gegenüber Nickel selektiven und 1,2-Dioximgruppe als aktive Gruppe enthältenden Ionenaustauschers untersucht. Dieses Problem wurde schon früher von Kljatschko studiert, der die Darstellung eines Kunstharzionenaus-tauschers durch die Einführung von Dimethylglyoxim in den Sulfo-Resorcin-Kationen austauscher im Stadium der Kondensation in kurzgefasster Form beschrieben hat. Bei der Anwendung seiner Methode wurde festgestellt, dass sie nicht zu positiven Resultaten führt. Dimethylglyoxim wird dabei aus dem Harze teilweise extrahiert, grösstenteils aber durch die Einwirkung von Formaldehyd zersetzt, und die komplexbildenden Eigenschaften eingebüsst werden. Die Elution von Dimethylglyoxim aus dem Harze kann durch die Einführung der 1,2-Dioximgruppe in das Molekül beseitigt werden, das mit Formaldehyd in Polykondensation treten kann z. B. p, p′-Dioxybenzildioxim; es wird dabei jedoch der destruktive Einfluss von Formaldehyd auf die Dioximgruppe nicht beseitigt. Eine andere Möglichkeit bietet eine geeignete Behandlung des Phenol-Formaldehydharzes. So eignet sich z.B. für eine Nickelaufnahme das o-2,3-Dioximinobutylderivat des Resorcin-Formaldehyd-Harzes. Es besitzt jedoch eine geringe Stabilität, besonders bei erhöhten pH-Werten. Harze mit erhöhter Beständigkeit wurden aus Polystyrol-Harz hergestellt durch die aufeinander folgenden: Propionylierung, Nitrosierung und Oximierung. Das Studium über die Struktur des polymären Materials zeigte, dass die Einführung der Propionylgruppe p-ständig verläuft, während in dem Styrolmonomeren die Propionylgruppe in die ω-Stellung an der Seitenkette eintritt. Das Dioximderivat Polystyrols besitzt für Nickel eine Austauschkapazität von 2 meter/g und das Verfärben des Polymeren bei der Sorption entspricht dem Verfärben der niedermolekularen Dioxim-Nickel-Komplexe. Die von linearen Polystyrol dargestellten Ionenaustauscher besassen nicht die erforderlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften; es wurden also Versuche ausgeführt mit einem Styrol-Divinylbenzol Suspensionskopolymeren (0,3; 1.0% DVB). Es wurden dabei Bedingungen für das Erreichen des erforderten Umsetzungsgrades gefunden. Gegenwärtig wird der Einfluss von der Konzentration des primären Substituents auf die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Mischpolymerisats untersucht.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 36 (1959), S. 295-304 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan prepared from the pen in the mantle of the squid Loligo was fractionated by precipitation. Two fractions were investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride. Fraction II showed anomalous behavior, which is attributed to molecular association, the extent of which increases with decreasing ionic strength. For fraction I, the intrinsic viscosity appears to increase even more rapidly with the radius of gyration than would be predicted by the free-draining model. The experimental change in the molecular dimensions as a function of ionic strength is much smaller than predicted by polyelectrolyte theories.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 16 (1955), S. 417-427 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The article describes a method for measuring times of efflux in a capillary viscometer with an accuracy of 0.003 sec. A film is taken of the moving meniscus together with a synchronous clock. The temperature of the thermostat bath is controlled to within 0.001°C. by means of a Wheatstone bridge which contains temperature dependent resistances. Experimental results obtained with a polystyrene sample in toluene show no systematic deviation from linearity in the ηsp/c vs. c curve between 2 × 10-3 and 3 × 10-5 g./ml. The same curve for a sample of polymethacrylate in water shows a sharp maximum at about 10-4 g./ml.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 35 (1959), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By crosslinking natural rubber in benzene, networks are prepared in which the degree of coiling is higher than normal (“supercoiled” networks). On heating, these networsk are converted to normal ones with the same number of crosslinks but a lower degree of equilibrium swelling. The results of the swelling experiments are in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Results of strees relaxation experiments at elevated temperatures support the conclusion reached on the basis of swelling. It follows that great caution is needed when calculating changes in the density of the crosslinks from changes in stress alone as is sometimes done in kinetic studies.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Combustion efficiency of gaseous hydrogen fuel for ramjets at very high altitudes and high distortion
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: NACA-RM-E58A23
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 8 (1957), S. 651-656 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 8 (1957), S. 677-688 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Electro Chemical Processes of the Inhibiting Effectivity of Minium or IronElectro chemical investigations to explain the protective properties of minium showed that PbO2 is ineffective as its high electric conductivity is causing local cells. A further result was that lead in natural waters may be less noble than iron.Minium may be reduced to metallic lead by corrosion currents as published by Dechaux. Minium acts as a depolarizer and will be reduced anodically by divalent iron which is generated in the corrosion process. The so formed compounds of divalent lead are generating protective covers on the basic metal. These covers are of high importance of the protection against corrosion.
    Notes: Elektrochemische Messungen zur Aufklärung der besonderen korrosionsschützenden Wirkung der Bleimennige haben ergeben, daß das Blei (IV)-oxyd jene Wirkung nicht hat, weil dessen hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit die Bildung von Lokalelementen am Eisen bedingt. Ferner ist festgestellt worden, daß in den natürlichen Wässern das Blei unedler sein kann als das Eisen.Die Bleimennige kann durch Korrosionsströme zu metallischem Blei reduziert werden in Übereinstimmung mit Befunden von Déchaux. Die Bleimennige wirkt kathodisch depolarisierend und wird anodisch von dem bei der Korrosion entstehenden, zweiwertigen Eisen reduziert. Die gebildeten Verbindungen des zweiwertigen Bleis bilden auf dem Grundmetall Deckschichten. Diese sind für den Korrosionsschutz von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2 (1959), S. 216-224 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The force required to peel an aluminum (or nickel) ribbon glued to a rigid glass plate with a polyethylene or polyvinyl acetate was determined. It proved to be smaller than expected (from a theory, partly new) both for adhesives which were almost Hookean solids and for those whose stress-strain curve could approximately be represented as stress = const. (strain)0.5. In the latter group, the difference between the theory and the experiment was due to stress concentrations at the right-hand and the left-hand edges of the adhesive layer; these stress concentrations formed because, when a pull was applied, the adhesive contracted in the directions perpendicular to that of pull. As a consequence of this effect, the peeling force W0 was not proportional to the width w of the ribbon; sometimes, a linear relation W0 = aw + b seemed to be valid. On the other hand, near-Hookean adhesives of a low total elongation required a peeling force proportional to w; the stress concentration dangerous for these materials occurred at the boundary between the adhesive and the bent ribbon at the sharp bend. The damage to the brittle adhesive caused by the ribbon deformation could be reproduced without bending, namely by extension of the ribbon beyond its yield strength.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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