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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (582)
  • 1960-1964  (582)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of macroradical reactivity by an electron paramagnetic resonance method (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 52 (1961), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The formation of macroradicals in the mechanical degradation of polymers gives the means for the direct kinetic determination of macroradical reactivity (reaction of the macroradicals with each other and with various low molecular substances). The free radical concentration was determined by means of EPR spectroscopy. With the aid of this method a study was made of the characteristic reactions such as removal of a hydrogen atom, addition, etc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205215716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosionsprobleme in den Ölfeldern von Belayim (1963)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 14 (1963), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion problems in the Belayim oil fields. I. Influence of differnet variables on the corrosion rate in the flooding systemLaboratory and field tests were carried out in order to determien the corrosivity of the water used for flooding the Belayim oil fields. The influence of oxygen content, flow velocity, operating and standstill periods on the corrosion rate was investigated. The corrosion rate is lowest when all these variables and kept at their lowest possible values (flow velocity 0.5 metres pr. second; oxygen content 0.5 p.p.m.; operating time 30 per cent. of total time)-but this is uneconomical. The highest corrosion rate is encountered with high oxygen concentration (from 5 p.p. m. onwards) and with high operating time percentage.
    Notes: Zur Ermittlung der Aggressivität des im Ölfeld von Belayim benutzten Flutungswassers wurden Labor- und Feldversuche durchgeführt. Dabei wurden der Einfluß von Sauerstoffgehalt, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sowie Betriebs- und Stillstandszeiten auf die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit untersucht. Die Korrosion ist am geringsten, wenn alle diese Variablen auf einem möglichst geringen Wert gehalten werden (Strömungsgeschwindigkeit 0,5 m-sec, Sauerstoffgehalt 0,5 ppm, Betriebszeit 30% der Gesamtzeit), was jedoch unwirtschaftlich ist. Stärkste Korrosion tritt auf bei hoher Sauerstoffkonzentration (ab 5 ppm) und hohem Anteil der Betriebszeit.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19630141004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of residual styrene (monomer) and acetophenone in polymer latices (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 208-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A rapid, quantitative, direct procedure for the determination of monomeric styrene in a styrene-based polymer emulsion has been developed. The method includes the extraction of styrene in cyclohexane and a subsequent measurement of the ultraviolet absorbance of the solution. Determination of, and compensation for interference from, acetophenone is also described. The range of 0-5% monomeric styrene was studied by statistical methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051413
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some implications of the gel point concept to the chemistry of alkyd resins (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 625-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study explored the effects of chemical composition, extent of polyesterification and possible side-reactions upon the rheological behavior of a variety of oil-modified, glyceryl phthalate alkyds in both melt and in dilute solutions with several solvents. Correlative data were obtained on molecular weight and on other aspects of solubility and drying properties important to paint technology. Viscometric data proved very useful in relating variances of reaction degree with usage properties of these polymeric materials. Those data suggest a viewpoint of the gel point mechanism which enhances practical utility of polyesterification theory. This hypothesis proposes that alkyd synthesis is not a homogeneous reaction throughout, and that phase separation creates a colloidal dispersion in the reacting mass long before gelatification occurs. Classical polyesterification theory can predict the event of initial phase separation; other process variables affect the relative stability of the transition colloid which ultimately coalesces into the final gel structure. Practical properties of alkyds in paint vehicles can be adjusted to satisfy varying requirements by arresting the reaction at different levels before or in the transition region. Measurements of melt viscosity and intrinsic viscosity are especially sensitive and convenient probes for control of process and product in terms of this concept.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block copolymerization of unsaturated monomers and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanePresented, in part, at the 133rd Meeting, American Chemical Society, San Francisco, March 1958. Taken, in part, from the Ph.D. Dissertation of E. E. Bostick, University of Akron, 1959. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2707-2716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been carried out on the preparation of block copolymers of styrene-dimethylsiloxane and isoprene-dimethylsiloxane. This has been accomplished by means of anionic polymerization, using potassium metal or potassium naphthalene as initiator, in tetrahydrofuran. Block copolymers of the ABA type were synthesized by first preparing the polystyrene or polyisoprene dianion, followed by polymerization of the octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Proof of the presence of these block copolymers was obtained from their solubility behavior and from the ability of the isoprene-siloxane polymers to undergo vulcanization by sulfur. The chain length of the polymeric blocks could be controlled in a predictable fashion, leading to a central segment (B) of polystyrene or polyisoprene, having a narrow molecular weight distribution, and two end segments (A) of polydimethylsiloxane, having a most probable distribution. The reverse type of block copolymer was not possible due to the inability of the siloxane to initiate styrene or isoprene polymerization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080616
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of polyethylene oxidation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1691-1698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acetic and formic acids and acetone are products of the oxidation of propylene and ethylene polymers and copolymers. The two- and three-carbon products can be accounted for as the result of intramolecular attack by radicals, leading to β-oxidation. A high proportion of scissions in polypropylene involves multiple intramolecular attack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wet oxidation of undrawn nylon 66 and model amides (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2067-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Undrawn nylon was found to be susceptible within a few days to degradation in wet or humid conditions at temperatures between 50 and 90°C. Model N-substituted amides, although not affected by these conditions, were attacked by hydrogen peroxide solutions. The degradation proceeded principally by rupture of the bond between the nitrogen of the amide and the carbon of its α-methylene group, consequent upon oxidation at this carbon. Unsubstituted primary amide, carboxyl, and aldehyde endgroups were formed, together with ammonia by hydrolysis of the oxidized amide. The bond between the α and β carbons of an N-methylene chain also suffered breakage, giving formic acid and carbon dioxide. The former could also arise by rupture of any initially produced N-formyl or N-formoyl amides. The appearance of lactic acid from butylacetamide showed that oxidation could proceed along the N-alkyl chain. Fragments of suitable size broken from the main chain of nylon became water-soluble and relatively stable to further attack by air or oxygen. These pieces essentially retained the nylon structure, but possessed two carboxylic ends and an average molecular weight of less than 600. A maximum oxygen uptake of about 30 moles per mole of original amide was calculated, corresponding to complete conversion into these soluble fragments. Significant degradation did not occur for many months at 60°C. in dry conditions or in solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a process which has been patented. The latter was considered to function by chelating heavy metals into an inactive form and inhibiting peroxide formation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of structure to properties in polyurethanes: Effect of branchingContribution No. 106, Elastomer Chemicals Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 80-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of short arylurethane branches on the physical properties of a linear polyurethane is described. Branches of this type reduce crystallization tendencies of the polymer and alter its bulk and solution viscosity behavior. Vulcanizate properties, such as resilience and modulus, are not affected. The synthesis of polyurethanes containing longchain branches with terminal cure sites is described. Dynamic behavior of these latter polymers, as judged by Yerzley resilience, improves as the proportion of long chain branches in the vulcanizate network is reduced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051312
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the mechanism of ionizing radiation damage in SBR elastomersPresented at the 6th Joint Army-Navy-Air Force Conference on Elastomer Research and Development, Boston, October 19, 1960.This investigation was supported by the Bureau of Ships, Washington, D. C.The opinions or assertions contained in this paper are the authors' and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the Naval Service at large. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 501-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Studies were made to provide information for use in the development of SBR elastomers with improved resistance to attack by high energy radiation. Changes of molecular structure were investigated by viscometric techniques and by measuring gel content. Chemical changes were followed by use of infrared spectrophotometry. Results indicate that the polymer in toluene, when subjected to radiation doses in the range 0-100 Mrep, is randomly scissioned. When similarly treated in chloroform, the polymer is initially randomly crosslinked and then the newly formed elastomer network undergoes random scission. The nature of the end chemical changes is shown to depend on environmental factors. In the presence of a limited supply of oxygen, the polymer is partially oxidized. The oxidation reaction appears to have no influence, however, on the random nature of the degradation process. The external butadiene structures are shown to be attacked more rapidly than the internal groups. The phenyl rings of the styrene groups in the polymer molecules, on the other hand, are only moderately affected in this respect. The results obtained in these solution studies are used to predict the effects of radiation damage to SBR vulcanizates.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new synthetic elastomer based on a chlorophosphonated polyolefin (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new synthetic elastomer has been obtained based on an ethylene-propylene copolymer prepared using an organometallic catalyst system. Reactive sites (phosphonyl dichloride groups) are placed on the copolymer chain by treating the polymer with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen. After hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the phosphonyl dichloride groups to phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid esters, vulcanization may be carried out by reaction with metallic oxides, particularly lead oxide. Vulcanizates of the polyolefin elastomer have outstanding resistance to heat, ozone, and oxygen, and have excellent electrical properties. This combination suggests the use of this material in high temperature electrical applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051405
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