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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (875)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (172)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1.047)
  • 1975-1979  (1.045)
  • 1900-1904  (2)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1.047)
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Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure and properties of copolymers of vinylcyclohexane and α-methylvinylcyclohexane with acrylonitrile (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2989-2997 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study has been made of the structure and properties of alternating equimolar and random copolymers of vinylcyclohexanne and α-methylvinylcyclohexane with acrylonitrile using infrared and 1H-NMR spectroscopy methods, as well as x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses. The spectral methods allowed an estimation of the composition and distribution of comonomer units in the copolymer macrochains. The thermal stability of alternating copolymers was found to be higher than that of polyacrylonitrile. Alternating and random copolymers are amorphous products with various dimensions of crystallites. Information on the molecular motion intensity and temperatures of structural transitions in copolymer macrochains was obtained by the spin-probe technique.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231017
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methods of calculating the physical acation of flame retardants (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The chemical mechanisms for the action of flame retardants are often mentioned in the literature but the physical modes of action are seldom. Discussed. This article presents one way to quantify their efficiency. The technique is based on literature data for the physical and thermal properties of flams retardants for temperatures from 25°C up to 1000°C. The prolongation of the time to ignition by heat absorption by the retardant and the amount of inert gas evolved by the retardant are calculated at a given radiation for a material flame-proofed with a given amount of the flame retardant. The ability to form an insulating surface layer is considered but not quantified. It is assumed that a medium density wood fibre building boards is treated with 2 kg of flame retardant per m2. The flame retardants included are borates, boric acid, phosphates and silicates. The board is assumed to be irradiated with an intensity of 15 k W m-2. Under these conditions an untreated board ignites after 6-7 min. The time to ignition is prolonged by 1-5 min through heat absorption by the different retardants, and the amount of inert gases evolved may be as high as 2.6 m3 per m2 board. The formation of an insulating surface layer is more difficult to quantify. The results confirm the importance of the physical modes of action of flame retardants and the technique could form the basis for evaluating materials in simulated fire situations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010302
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exclusion chromatography using porous glass. II. Application to hydrophilic polymers (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2933-2945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A chromatograph employing five columns packed with porous glass of pore size 1250 Å to 75 Å provided peak retention volumes (VR) that were reproducible and essentially independent of sample size and flow rate when aqueous eluents were used. Calibration was carried out with a series of dextran fractions and polystyrene sulfonate samples, both of moderately narrow molecular weight distribution. The universal calibration method, based on hydrodynamic volume, was tested for four different polymer types. All four types produced a common curve within experimental error, which indicates that absolute molecular weight distributions may be derived from aqueous exclusion chromatography data for at least these polymer types. Additional study using a higher salt concentration produced hydrodynamic-volume plots that superposed with those above. The use of the same set of porous glass columns with polystyrene standards in three different organic solvents produced calibration curves that agreed well with the aqueous curves after corrections were made for differences in available pore volumes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070191101
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the use of trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate as a curing agent for polyurethane elastomers (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 285-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200126
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vulcanization of butyl rubber by p-quinone dioxime (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1771-1781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The vulcanization of butyl rubber by p-quinone dioxime oxidized by red lead and tetrachloroquinone was investigated. The maximum physical effective crosslinking density of the vulcanizates appeared to be when p-quinone dioxime and the oxidizing agent were equimolar. The formation of one physical effective crosslink required one molecule of p-quinone dioxime. Chemical reactions are suggested for the vulcanization steps.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210705
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adhesion of plasma polymer films to metal substrates (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2395-2396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220830
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of transport phenomena in cellulose diacetate membranes. I. Relation between dialysis coefficients and membrane morphology and hydrationPaper presented in part at the 26th International Congress I.U.P.A.C., held in Tokyo, Japan, September 4-10, 1977. (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 985-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Transport properties were determined for various Loeb-type membranes which exhibit strong structure differences from one to another. Using linear relations of thermodynamics of irreversible processes for the homogeneous ones, correlations were found between the specific transport coefficients and the states of water in the membrane medium. In the case of heterogeneous membranes a schematic multilayer model, using in an appropriate way Darcy's law, was worked out in accordance with electron micrographs of membrane cross sections. It enables us to correlate the membrane hydraulic permeability with the relative extent of four typical structures A, B, C, and D. In addition, this model provides both the hydraulic specific permeabilities of these types of structure and their hydration characteristics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240412
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wear mechanisms for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in the total hip prosthesis (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 777-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is now extensively used in total joint replacements, and there is ample clinical evidence that this material wears at a significant rate in such applications. Six commercially available total hip replacements were subjected to an accurate simulation of clinical mechanical and chemical conditions, and the wear behavior of the polyethylene components was analyzed by friction coefficient measurements and scanning electron micrography of the wear surfaces. The results indicate that all of the proposed wear mechanisms excepting adhesive and abrasive wear may be eliminated. It is highly likely that abrasion fatigue and related phenomena are central to the wear process in many prostheses, but the wear process may be ultimately determined in many cases by the type of defects present in the manufactured material.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230313
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as used in articular prostheses (a molecular weight distribution study) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 809-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Currently there is widespread use of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular components in total joint replacement prostheses. What has been most surprising about the wear of UHMWPE under such circumstances is the occurrence of brittle fracture. Such fracture had not been observed in the usual engineering tests done in the laboratory on UHMWPE. It was only when prosthese which had been removed from patients were examined or run in hip joint simulators with serum or synovial fluid as the lubricant, that brittle fracture was encountered. The problem of environment-enhanced brittle fracture in plastics dates back to 1946. Interestingly, the phenomenon was first described in polyethylene. The prime variables involved are polymer molecular weight, sensitizing environment, stress filed, and temperature. Other things being equal, brittle behavior in polyethylene is extremely sensitive to the amount of low molecular weight polymer present. In the light of the foregoing we have studied the molecular weight distribution in six commercially available UHMWPE components. These were obtained from six different manufacturers. The specimens were characterized both on their bearing (wear) surfaces and in their interior bulk. The results obtained indicate that: 1The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of low molecular weight polymer.2The UHMWPE components differ significantly in molecular weight distribution.3The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of crosslinked polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200321
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The fracture of epoxy- and elastomer-modified epoxy polymers in bulk and as adhesives (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2545-2562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The fracture behavior of a piperidine/bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (A) resin has been determined in bulk and as an adhesive using the linear elastic fracture methods developed by Mostovoy1. The effect of adding carboxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile (CTBN) elastomer to resin A was investigated. The opening-mode fracture energy () of resin A was 120 to 150 J/m2, and largely attributable to plastic deformation. Fractographic evidence was obtained for plastic flow at the crack tip during crack initiation. Propagation was unstable due to the rate dependence of the plasticity. There were no significant differences in the bulk and adhesive fracture behavior. Addition of 5-15% CTBN to resin A produced minute elastomer particles which increased to ∼4000J/m2 (at 15%). Further CTBN addition resulted in an elastomer-epoxy blend and a decrease in fracture energy. Fractography again indicated that crack initiation involved plastic deformation but that the elastomer had greatly increased the volume in which the deformation occurred. The adhesive fracture of the elastomer-epoxy was found to be strongly dependent on the crack-tip deformation zone size (ryc) in that was a maximum when bond thickness was equal to 2 ryc. At bond thicknesses less than 2 ryc, there was a restraint on the development of the plastic zone resulting in lower values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190917
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