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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1)
  • cigarette smoking  (1)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 517-520 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicotine ; epinephrine ; cigarette smoking ; total forearm blood flow ; muscle blood flow ; plethysmography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 9 healthy subjects the effect of smoking one cigarette (nicotine content 0.9 mg) on blood pressure, heart rate and total and muscle blood flow in the forearm was measured. Blood flow was measured by a new noninvasive plethysmographic method that simultaneously gives quantitative data about total and muscle blood flow. Smoking the cigarette did not significantly affect blood pressure or heart rate. Total blood flow in the forearm did not change but the flow to the muscle was increased and resistance in this vascular bed was decreased. The pattern of haemodynamic changes in the forearm indicates that epinephrine may be the mediator of the circulatory effects of nicotine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscosity level in the range of the Newtonian viscosity η0, as well as in the shear rate dependent range (non-Newtonian-viscosity, η = f(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mathop \gamma \limits^. $$\end{document})) of polymer solutions can be determined on the basis of a molecular modelling. Prerequisite is the information about the molecular parameters of the individual molecules  -  found in most cases in handbooks  -  and the result of the one-point measurement of η0 in the concentrated range.In addition, a criterium for shear stability was obtained, predicting the boundary range between a stable and a degraded polymer solution. This criterium holds for the laminar as well as for the turbulent flow. So, answers could be given to technologically interesting questions about the stability of the solutions.Under modified considerations, these results may be applied to polymer melts.
    Notes: Das Viskositätsniveau im Bereich der Ruhescherviskosität η0 (Newtonscher Bereich) sowie im schergeschwindigkeitsabhängigen Bereich (nicht-Newtonscher Bereich (η = f(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mathop \gamma \limits^. $$\end{document})) von Polymerlösungen kann auf der Basis molekularer Modellierungen bestimmt werden. Voraussetzung hierfür ist die Kenntnis der molekularen Parameter des Einzelmoleküls, welche in vielen Fällen Handbüchern entnommen werden könen, und das Ergebnis einer Einpunktmessung von η0 in konzentrierter Lösung. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Stabilitätskriterium erarbeitet, das den Grenzbereich zwischen einer scherstabilen und einer degradierten Polymerlösung vorhersagt. Dieses Kriterium ist sowohl für den laminaren als auch für den turbulenten Strömungszustand verwendbar, wodurch anwendungstechnologisch bedeutsame Fragestellungen bezüglich der Stabilität beantwortet werden können.Die Ergebnisse sind unter einer modifizierten Betrachtungsweise auf Polymerschmelzen übertragbar.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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