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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
  • Nickel coated graphite  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of nickel coatings on carbon fiber preforms: A SEM investigation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: MMC ; Nickel coated graphite ; Squeeze casting ; Instable interface ; Electroplating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Metal Matrix Composites (MMC's) reinforced with continuous fibers were generally fabricated by a foil-sandwich technique or by liquid metal infiltration. Liquid metal infiltration may be used to cast final shapes in molds containing fiber preforms. It is also used to make composite wire from which may be fabricated panels and shapes by hot-press diffusion bonding or pultrusion. The major drawback of this method is that the molten matrix must wet the fiber for successful infiltration to occur, requiring special fiber surface treatments or matrix additives, and that, molten metals generally dissolve or degrade the fibers, necessitating a barrier coating on the fibers. All these problems can be solved using carbon fibers coated with metallic layers, e.g. nickel. This work analyses an easy method to produce modified carbon fibers by electroplating and the process of its recristallization. The topography of the growth front of the deposit has been studied. At temperatures higher than about 300° C an annealing under vacuum is required, because of the high reactivity of metal coating, nevertheless the heat treatment of metal deposit produces always an embrittled material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567529
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening epoxy resins by liquid crystalline polymers (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1465-1471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Toughening epoxy resins can be achieved by blending a low percentage of Liquid Crystalline Polymer with the thermoset. The processing technique consists of the spinning of blends of a thermoplastic (Ardel) with the LCP (PET/PHB60). The bundled filaments are subsequently dissolved in the uncured epoxy resin (Epon 825). After curing, the LCP phase separates from the matrix in the form of microfibers with a very high aspect ratio, which act as crack stoppers and improve fracture toughness of the material.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440816
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of physical aging on long-term properties of poly-ether-ketone (PEEK) and PEEK-based composites (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1163-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties of the amorphous and semicrystalline PEEK and of a PEEK-based composite (APC2) have been analyzed as a function of the aging time and related free volume relaxation, at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature. The effect of thermal treatments (physical aging) on the polymer amorphous phase of the three systems is presented. Creep tests approaching the “zero stress” were performed on samples subjected to different thermal histories. The presence of a second phase, namely crystallites and fibers, determines a loss of the mobility of the polymeric amorphous chains and consequently a decrease of the rate of free volume relaxation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of a polyetherimide and a liquid crystalline polymer: Fiber orientation and mechanical properties (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 839-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430501
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical characterization of incompatible blends of polymethylmethacrylate and polycaprolactone (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2691-2704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) were prepared and characterized. The analysis of the glass transition temperature indicates no compatibility of the two polymers, which segregated into two distinct phases. The fracture strength of the blends can be explained on the basis of a constitutive model of spheres of PCL embedded in a PMMA matrix. The trend of water sorption confirms the hypothesis of phase segregation of PCL in the glassy matrix of PMMA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of the processability of advanced polymers (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 2723-2737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The possibility of improving processability of engineering polymers was studied in this work. Low percentages of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer supplied by Bayer Co. were added to the polyetherimide Ultem. The thermal and morphological analysis revealed a two phase system. Rheological measurements in shear flow were carried out in the temperature range of the existence of the mesophase. A significant drop of ∼ 30% in the Ultem viscosity occurs even with 5% w/w TLCP. The influence of the addition of the thermotropic polymer on the mechanical properties of Ultem was also investigated. Moreover, the morphological analysis of the unfilled polymers and of the blends was performed and related to their rheological and mechanical behavior.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070411119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly-L-lactide blends: Thermal and mechanical properties (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1525-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(L-lactides) (PLLA) have been prepared by solvent casting. Compatibility, thermal behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of systems with various compositions were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurement, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wide-angle X ray (WAXS). Glass transition temperature of solvent cast materials, detected by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), showed partial molecular interactions between PHBV and PLLA. Crystallinity of the PLLA phase slightly decreased with increasing amount of PHBV, confirming the partial dispersion of PLLA in the PHBV phase. Mechanical properties were analyzed with theoretical models able to predict the behavior of heterogeneous systems. Phase separation was confirmed by SEM observations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541017
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage activation induced by different carbon fiber-epoxy resin composites (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 637-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The activation of cells by interaction with solid surfaces is important in many settings, including the response of tissue to implanted materials. However, few comprehensive studies of both cell migration and activation have been performed so that the connection between these events and immunological activation against foreign material is not well understood. In the present study, synthesis and expression of Ia antigens by peritoneal exudate macrophages after implantation of different carbon fiber composites in the rat peritoneal cavity have been investigated in order to determine whether the type of material implanted affected the composition of Ia-bearing cells of the exudate. The results have confirmed the low level of expression of Ia on resident peritoneal macrophages; while we have found that macrophages, harvested after implantation, express a different amount of Ia related to the different cure cycles of the composite materials used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of a copolymer as adhesion promoter for polycarbonate and liquid crystalline polymer blends (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The modification of the interface between polycarbonate (PC) and Pet Phb60 was studied. The ester interchange reaction between the components of the 50% w/w mixture, responsible for the formation of molecular segments of intermediate affinity toward the parent polymers, has greatly affected the morphology of extrudate samples. The reacted compound was used in the ratio of 5% as compatibilizer in the formulation of the in situ composite between PC and PetPhb60, containing 10% of the reinforcing thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCP). The effects of the adhesion promoter has been evaluated comparing the morphological features of melt-drawn fibers with the previous result concerning the fibers without the compatibilizer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-transport properties of ethylene/propylene/carbon monoxide polyketone terpolymer (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 1261-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The demand for heat-stable and easily processable polymeric materials with good gasbarrier properties is becoming more and more important due to the advent of new technological applications in the field of food packaging. A renewed interest has arisen for a polyketone class of polymers, which seems to fulfill these requirements. Our attention has been focused on a polyketone terpolymer (0.93 : 0.07 : 1 ethylene/propylene/carbon monoxide) in order to determine the transport properties and to relate them to the polymer structure. Permeability tests have been performed at three different temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C) with three different gases (helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide). Permeabilities, diffusivities, and solubilities have been evaluated. Their dependence on temperature was interpreted on the basis of permeation and diffusion apparent activation energies (Ep and Ed) and of heats of solution (ΔHs). The investigated polymer has been found to be rubbery at the test temperature (glass transition temperature is about 17°C), but the detected permeabilities are comparable to those of glassy polymers widely used for packaging applications. The experimentally determined diffusion coefficients have been related to the semicrystalline nature of the polymer and to the different dimensions of the gas adopted in the investigation. The gas-solubility coefficients determined from permeability measurements were related to the force constant of the gas molecules in the Lennard-Jones (6-12) potential field equation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500717
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