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  • 1
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    Flight data from the PASP-Plus experiment (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The photovoltaic array space power (PASP)-Plus solar cell flight experiment is described, and the observed performances of different solar cell types during the first six months of their operation, are summarized. The solar cell types include single crystal and amorphous silicon, GaAs, several multijunction cell types, indium phosphide and GaAs/GaSb concentrator cells. The radiation degradation experienced by some of the solar cell types agrees with theoretical predictions. Other samples, including silicon, are degraded less than predicted. Effects, including the increase in temperature of all the experiments and the effect of sun glint on cell measurement, are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: ESA, Proceedings of 4th European Space Power Conference (ESPC). Volume 2: Photovoltaic Generators, Energy Storage; p 578-592
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Historical Study of Radiation Exposures and the Incidence of Cataracts in Astronauts (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: For over 35 years, astronauts in low Earth orbit or on missions to the moon have been exposed to space radiation comprised of high-energy protons, heavy ions, and secondary neutrons. We reviewed the radiation exposures received by astronauts in space and on Earth, and presented results from the first epidemiological study of cataract incidence in the astronauts. Our data suggested an increased risk for cataracts from space radiation exposures*. Using parametric survival analysis and the maximum likelihood method, we estimated the dose-response and age distribution for cataract incidence in astronauts by space radiation. Considering the high-LET dose contributions on specific space missions as well as data from animal studies with neutrons and heavy ions, suggested a linear response with no dose-threshold for cataracts. However, there are unanswered questions related to the importance and the definition of "clinically significant" cataracts commonly used in radiation protection, especially in light of epidemiological data suggesting that the probability that "sub-clinical" cataracts will progress is highly dependent on the age at which cataracts appear. We briefly describe a new study that will address the measurement of cataract progression-rates in astronauts and a ground-based comparison group.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: ISOT; Oct 19, 2004 - Oct 20, 2004; Fort Worth, TX; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Satellite Particle Collection During Active States of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The reflight of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS-1R) was carried aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on February 22, 1996. After deploying a day later than planned, the satellite almost reached its full deployed distance before the tether broke. Data was collected for over 5 hours during deployment out to a distance of 19.7 km. Maximum emf attained during deployment was 3700 V while the maximum current achieved was just under 0.5 A. The current collected was factors of 2 to 4 greater than the predictions of the conventional Parker-Murphy theory. The microscopic view of the collection process at the satellite showed exotic behavior with the existence of 100 - 200 eV suprathermal electrons and significant spin phase modulation of the electron fluxes. Although the data set acquired from TSS- 1R was considerably less than planned, the quality of the data allows one of the main goals of the mission to be met--characterizing the system I-V response. A "quick look" assessment of the data has already shown that an understanding of the TSS-1R electrodynamic behavior will require modification of the standard picture of current collection in space plasmas
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: AIAA Paper 96-2298 , Plasmadynamics and Lasers; Jun 17, 1996 - Jun 20, 1996; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Historical Study of Radiation Exposures and the Incidence of Cataracts in Astronauts (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: For over 35 years, astronauts in low Earth orbit or on missions to the moon have been exposed to space radiation comprised of high-energy protons, heavy ions, and secondary neutrons. We reviewed the radiation exposures received by astronauts in space and on Earth, and presented results from the first epidemiological study of cataract incidence in the astronauts. Our data suggested an increased risk for cataracts from space radiation exposures. Using parametric survival analysis and the maximum likelihood method, we estimated the dose-response and age distribution for cataract incidence in astronauts by space radiation. Considering the high-LET dose contributions on specific space missions as well as data from animal studies with neutrons and heavy ions, suggested a linear response with no dose-threshold for cataracts. However, there are unanswered questions related to the importance and the definition of clinically significant cataracts commonly used in radiation protection, especially in light of epidemiological data suggesting that the probability that sub-clinical cataracts will progress is highly dependent on the age at which cataracts appear. We briefly describe a new study that will address the measurement of cataract progression-rates in astronauts and a ground-based comparison group.
    Keywords: Space Radiation
    Type: ISOT; Oct 19, 2004 - Oct 20, 2004; Fort Worth, TX; United States
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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