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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf disc size and insect feeding preference: implications for assays and studies on induction of plant defense (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: feeding behavior ; leaf center or edge feeders ; chemical signals ; trial design ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plagiodera versicolora Laich (Coléo., Chrysomelidae) a préféré significativement consommer les grandes rondelles (diamètre 17 mm) de Populus deltoides préalablement exposées à l'ozone ambiant, aux témoins exposés à de l'air filtré sur charbon de bois. Cependant, quand le diamètre a été réduit à 10 mm, les insectes n'ont plus préféré les feuilles soumises à l'ozone. Les préférences alimentaires de cet insecte consommant le centre des feuilles ont probablement changé parceque les signaux chimiques de la coupure ont surpassé ou masqué ceux des petits disques. Ainsi, le rapport périmètre sur surface du disque est un critère important de la procédure expérimentale. L'influence de la taille du disque dépend vraisemblablement du fait que l'insecte consomme le centre ou la pourtour de la feuille, de la taille de l'insecte et du type d'expérience. Nous en avons déduit que l'effet de la taille du disque est fréquent particulièrement chez les insectes consommant le centre des feuilles. Les modificatons du choix des insectes lorsque les plantes avaient été présentées sous forme de rondelles au lieu de feuilles ou plantes entières, peuvent être expliqués aussi par le changement des signaux provoqué par le découpage des rondelles, plutôt que par l'induction de modifications chimiques dues à la cueillette, comme cela a été précédemment indiqué par différents auteurs. Par ailleurs, dans les conditions naturelles, des changements dans les signaux chimiques des feuilles dus à une consommation antérieure par des insectes, peuvent être aussi importants dans le comportement alimentaire des insectes que n'importe quel changement chimique induit dans les feuilles par les dégâts.
    Notes: Abstract The size of cottonwood (Populus deltoides L. Bartr.) leaf discs used in insect feeding preference trials with the chrysomelid beetle, Plagiodera versicoloraLaich., was shown to affect behavior, and the outcome of the feeding trial. It is suggested that disc size has an effect because it alters the ratio of chemical signals from the cut leaf edge to those of the intact leaf center. The implications of this finding to the design of bioassays; to previously noted differences in feeding behavior for insects on discs versus leaves; and to the study of feeding preference and induction of plant defense are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of systemically induced herbivore resistance by plant vascular architecture (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 93 (1993), S. 452-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Defense ; Populus deltoides ; Orthostichy ; Phyllotaxy ; Plagiodera versicolora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of systemically induced resistance (SIR) in Eastern Cottonwood, Populus deltoides, measured by reduced feeding of the leaf-chewing beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, were shown to be directly related to the distribution of the plant vasculature. Mechanical damage to single leaves resulted in SIR in non-adjacent, orthostichous leaves (vertically aligned on the stem) with direct vascular connections, both up and down the shoot; but no SIR in adjacent, non-orthostichous leaves with less direct vascular connections. The control that the plant vasculature exerts over signal distribution following wounding can therefore be used to predict SIR patterns, explain variation in the distribution of SIR, and relate this ecologically important phenomenon to biochemical processes of systemic gene expression and biochemical resistance mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317892
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect performance: cottonwood, ozone and a leaf beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Plant stress ; Populus deltoides ; Ozone effects ; Insect fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaf area consumption rates, development rates, survivorship, and fecundity of the imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora Laich) were examined on two clones of eastern cottonwood which were previously exposed to ozone or charcoal-filtered air. P. versicolora consumed more ozone treated foliage, but were more fecund when reared on charcoal-filtered air treated plants. Beetle development rates and survivorship were not significantly different on treated and control cottonwoods. We concluded that: 1) Ozone fumigation of cottonwood reduced foliage quality, and the reproductive success and overall performance of P. versicolora. 2) increased foliage consumption by beetles was probably a mechanism compensating for decreases in foliage quality. 3) Reductions in beetle fecundity were due to an initial reduction in oviposition rates. 4) Beetle feeding preference did not correlate with the suitability of foliage for beetle performance. These results are discussed in relation to the impact of air pollution on plant-insect interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379600
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant stress and insect behavior: cottonwood, ozone and the feeding and oviposition preference of a beetle (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 76 (1988), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plagiodera versicolora ; Populus deltoides ; Clones ; Damage distribution ; Community structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adults and larvae of the beetle Plagiodera versicolora preferred to feed on and consumed more of cottonwood, Populus deltoides, plant material that had been previously exposed to an acute dose of ozone (0.20 ppm, 5 h), compared to controls in choice experiments. However, females preferred to oviposit on the unexposed controls. Results were consistent for 2 cottonwood clones over 3 years in disc, leaf and whole-plant choice tests. The differential feeding and oviposition response of this insect to stressed plants could have at least 3 unexpected consequences: 1. An immediate increase in damage to stressed trees, but a subsequent decrease in damage. 2. A subsequent increase in damage to unstressed adjacent trees. 3. Changes in the insect and pathogen communities of both stressed and unstressed trees. These complex scenarios show that predicting outcomes of plant stress on plant-insect interactions will require comprchensive examination of behavioral, growth and reproductive responses of insects to stressed plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and fine structural features of the basilar papilla in ambystomatid salamanders (amphibia; caudata) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 181-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology and fine structure of the basilar recess and basilar papilla were investigated in four species of salamanders from the family Ambystomatidae. The otic relationships of the recess and papilla to the proximal part of the lagena and saccule are described, and new terminology is suggested for the periotic relationships of the basilar recess to a diverticulum of an intracapsular periotic sac. The basilar papilla consists of supporting cells united laterally by gap junctions, capped by microvilli uniformly arranged around a short, central cilium, and hair cells that typically show several synapses with a single afferent nerve fiber, each marked by a rounded synaptic body surrounded by vesicles. In contrast to anuran basilar papillae, efferent nerve terminals were observed in synapse with hair cells and, rarely, upon afferent fibers. The distal half of the ambystomatid papilla contained hair cells capped by tall ciliary bundles, with kinocilia that show swellings near their tips with delicate attachments to adjacent tall stereocilia. A tectorial body covers only this region of the papilla. Hair cells with shorter stereocilia, situated in the proximal half and at the papillar margins, are related only to filamentous extensions of the tectorial body. The ambystomatid basilar recess and papilla are compared to auditory end-organs in other vertebrates, and it is suggested that a basic distinction can be made between aural neuroepithelia in amniotes versus that in nonamniotic vertebrate ears.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubiquitous perivenous smooth muscle cords in viscera of the teleost Rachycentron canadum, with special emphasis on liver (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The liver of the cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was examined by gross dissection, histological, and ultrastructural procedures. Other visceral organs were examined by histological techniques only. Unique perivenous smooth muscle cords are associated with veins in these systems, but they are particularly prominent in their association with the hepatic portal veins and their numerous intrahepatic branches. The perivenous smooth muscle cords accompany tributaries of the portal veins to the junction of the venules with the hepatic sinusoids. The reciprocal contraction and relaxation of various segments of the smooth muscle cords appear to result in pooling of blood in temporary reservoirs and in its transport to various regions of the organ. This process might apply to other organ systems as well. Possibly this unique relationship of the smooth muscle cords with veins functions in a diving reflex. Triads are occasionally encountered in the cobia liver. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052120208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative features of the surface morphology of the basilar papilla in five families of salamanders (amphibia; caudata) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 201-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The surface morphology of the basilar recess and papilla was examined in 14 species of newts and salamanders selected from the five families of urodeles (Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae, Hynobiidae, Cryptobranchidae, and Amphiumidae) known to have this end-organ. In this sampling, the general organization of basilar structures is essentially similar across species investigated. The recess forms a tubular diverticulum of the proximal part of the lagena. One wall of the recess is associated with a diverticulum of the intracapsular periotic sac, and an adjacent wall is occupied by the basilar papilla. The papilla contained from as few as five hair cells in specimens of Taricha torosa to over 200 hair cells in Cryptobranchus allegheniensis. In most species, the papilla showed a morphological continuum between tall centrally or distally placed ciliary bundles and short ciliary bundles near the papillar margins. In certain species examined, tall bundles had kinocilia with swellings near their tips. Most forms showed a tendency to have groups of ciliary bundles morphologically polarized either toward or away from the saccule. In Cryptobranchus and Dicamptodon, many bundles had a random orientation. The gross and fine structural features of the basilar complex are compared in urodeles and anurans, and “generalized” features for the amphibian basilar complex are suggested. The basilar complex of Cryptobranchus is interpreted as being most generalized, representing a structural form from which most features of the basilar complex in other urodeles and anurans can be derived.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of interferon-β on the translocation rate and stationary time in human fibroblasts in culture (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 19 (1991), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: inhibition of cell motility and proliferation by interferon-β ; interferon-β increases stationary time in fibroblasts ; interferon-β decreases translocation rate in fibroblasts ; fibroblast motility in culture ; cell motility: translocation rate and stationary time ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of translocation and the percent of the time that cells are stationary have been measured by computer-assisted time-lapse cinemicrography in over 1,000 freshly planted human foreskin fibroblasts (FS-4 cell strain) for periods of up to a week and the effects of interferon-β (IFN-β) on these parameters have been determined. Cells were planted at 2.5 × 103 cells/cm2 in Eagle's minimal essential-medium (MEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Frames were taken every 2 or 4 minutes and data were collected on both cell location and cell division as a function of time. After planting FS-4 cells require ∼48 hr to reach maximum motility both with respect to the translocation rate when moving and percent time cells are moving. Recombinant human IFN-β (800 μ/ml) caused a marked increase in the fraction of time cells were stationary and a decrease of lesser magnitude in the translocation rate, as quantitated during the period during which the stationary fraction for control cells was at a minimum. IFN-β also decreased the rate of cell proliferation, without any evidence of degeneration or death of cells. Our results contribute new evidence that the fraction of time cells spend moving directionally is an important determinant of their locomotory behavior and that this determinant is responsive to modulation by cytokines.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970190205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrin receptor induction is required for human B-lymphocyte activation but not for immunoglobulin secretion (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 27 (1985), S. 377-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: transferrin receptors ; B-cell growth factor ; proliferation ; immunoglobulin synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transferrin receptors are expressed on proliferating cells and are required for their growth. Transferrin receptors can be detected after, but not before, mitogenic stimulation of normal peripheral blood T and B cells. In the experiments reported here we have examined the regulation of transferrin receptor expression on activated human B cells and whether or not these receptors are necessary for activation to occur. Activation was assessed by studying both proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. We have determined that transferrin receptor expression on B cells is regulated by a factor contained in supernatants of mitogenstimulated T cells (probably B-cell growth factor). This expression is required for proliferation to occur, since antibody to transferrin receptor (42/6) blocks B-cell proliferation. Induction of immunoglobulin secretion, however, although dependent on PHA-treated T-cell supernatant, is not dependent on transferrin receptor expression and can occur in mitogen-stimulated cells whose proliferation has been blocked by antitransferrin receptor antibody. In addition, we have demonstrated that IgM messenger RNA induction following mitogen stimulation is unaffected by antitransferrin receptor antibody. These findings support a model for B-cell activation in which mitogen (or antigen) delivers two concurrent but distinct signals to B cells: one, dependent on B-cell growth factor and transferrin receptor expression, for proliferation, and a second, dependent on T cell-derived factors and not requiring transferrin receptors, which leads to immunoglobulin secretion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240270407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory metabolism of L-929 cells at different water contents and volumes (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Oxygen consumption was measured in mouse L-929 cells whose volumes and water contents were reduced by adding sorbitol to the medium. The volume of water lost due to a given sorbitol supplement exceeded the loss in apparent cell volume. An explanation is given for this discrepancy. The rate of oxygen uptake in the absence of exogenous respiratory substrate was essentially the same in cells whose total volume was reduced by 45%, amounting to a loss of about 70% of the total cell water, compared to controls at ‘physiological’ volume and water content. Cells under these same conditions responded to added substrates (pyruvate, glucose, and glutamine) and inhibitors (iodoacetate and 2-deoxyglucose) in nearly the same way as control cells. These observations are in accord with and add to previous work showing that very large fluctuations in cell volume and water content have only modest effects on the rates and directions of a variety of metabolic processes. The results are interpreted in terms of current views on the composition and organization of the aqueous compartments of eucaryotic cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240220
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