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  • Physics  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternary ammonium polyelectrolytes. IV. Addition reaction between poly(4-vinylpyridinium chloride) and electrophilic vinyl compounds (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2347-2355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was found that the addition reaction between poly(4-vinylpyridinium chloride) and electrophilic vinyl compounds, such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methylacrylate, and acrylonitrile. leads to ammonium quaternary polymers with a transformation degree that depends oil the reactivity of vinyl compounds. The structure of addition compounds was established by using 1H-NMR IR, and UV spectral methods. NMR-determined values of transformation degree indicate that the reactivity of vinyl compounds decreases as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{=\hskip-1.5pt=} {\rm CH} \hbox{---} {\rm COOH} 〉 {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{=\hskip-1.5pt=} {\rm CH} \hbox{---} {\rm CONH}_{\rm 2} 〉 {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{=\hskip-1.5pt=} {\rm CH} \hbox{---} {\rm COOCH}_{\rm 3} 〉 {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} \hbox{=\hskip-1.5pt=} {\rm CH} \hbox{---} {\rm CN}$\end{document}
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180727
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes. V. On macromolecular chain conformational state during amination reactions of CMPS (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23 (1985), S. 1267-1281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The macromolecular chain conformational state during the amination of chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS) with two aliphatic amines, namely methyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (MHEA) and N,N-dimethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (DM2HPA), has been studied. Viscosimetric and light scattering measurements were performed during reactions in binary solvent mixtures. The observed kinetic deviations have been related with the conformational transformations of the macromolecular chain.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230502
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternary ammonium polyelectrolytes. III. Kinetic studies of amination of chloromethylated polystyrene with tertiary amines (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 3879-3888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The amination kinetics of benzyl chloride and chloromethylated polystyrene with three tertiary amines were studied: N-2-hydroxyethyl-dimethylamine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-methylamine, and triethylamine in N,N-dimethylformamide. The amination of chloromethylated polystyrene takes place with two reaction rate constants K1 and K2. K2 is higher than K1; hence there is a self-accelerating effect. This phenomenon is due to the influence of the positive electrostatic field of the macroion chain on amines that are nucleophilic reactants. The magnitude of the self-accelerating effect given by the K2/K1 ratio depends on the substituent volume of the nitrogen atom of the amine molecule.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170171208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloromethylated polystyrene reaction with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine. I. Crosslinked polymers prepared by chloromethylated polystyrene with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multifunctional crosslinked polymer resulted from a chloromethylated polystyrene reaction with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine. A benzyl chloride reaction (chosen as a structural unit model) with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine was investigated to explain the reasons for the crosslinking. Amino-ethers and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine hydrochloride in addition to ammonium quaternary salt were isolated from this reaction. The formation of amino-ethers proved that an ammonium quaternary salt rearrangement also takes place during the quaternization reaction. This rearrangement leads to chloromethylated polystyrene during its reaction with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes. I. Soluble polymers prepared from reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with tris(2-hydroxythyl)amine (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 455-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine in N,N-dimethylformamide is described for the conditions to prepare soluble reaction products. The groups of the quaternary ammonium salt, which appear in the first stage of the reaction, transpose to the amino-ether groups. The reaction was followed by elementary analysis, IR and 1H-NMR spectra, and viscosimetric measurements for nondialyzed and dialyzed samples. The presence of the tertiary amine groups on obtained polymers was also shown by titration. The polymers from the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine reacted easily with benzyl chloride.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes. III. Nitrile-group reaction of macromolecular compounds with N,N-dialkylaminoalkylamines (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2869-2880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical reaction in aqueous medium of polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate co-polymer using asymmetrical diamines of H2N—(CH2)m—NR2 (m = 2,3) structure was studied. It was found that the nitrile group is modified to an dialkylaminoalkylacrylamide group; also determined were the reaction conditions required to obtain the highest degree of chemical transformation of the nitrile groups. All modified compounds were characterized by analytical spectroscopy (IR and 1H NMR) and by rheological methods. It was also established that glutaronitrile can be used as a low-molecular-weight model to study the chemical transformation of nitrile groups in polyacrylonitrile and related polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes. IV. Kinetic study of the reaction of acrylic polymers containing tertiary amine groups with halogenated compounds in dipolar aprotic solvents (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2881-2894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction kinetics of halogenated compounds with tertiary amine groups attached at an acrylic macromolecular chain have ben studied. Three acrylic polymers were used. Two of them have mainly a structural unit of N, N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide and the third is poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate). Dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were used as dipolar aprotic solvents. Benzyl chloride and allyl chloride were considered as halogenated compounds with increased reactivity. The reaction kinetics depend on the polymer and halogenated-compound structures as well as the nature of the solvent. In the most of the cases the reactions carried out on polymers are accompanied by self-accelerating processes, with the exception of DMSO, which obviously has normal second-order kinetics. The reaction of polymers containing units of N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide are compared with one having a low molecular weight, for instance N,N′-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)glutaramide.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic polyelectrolytes. II. Amination of chloromethylated polystyrene with hydroxyalkylic secondary amines (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2333-2346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with methyl(2- hydroxyethyl)amine and butyle (2-hydroxyethyl)amine was studied kinetically. The reaction of benzyl chloride with these amines was also investigated for comparison. N,N-dimethylformamide and dioxane were used as solvents. The reactions of benzyl chloride with the two amines in these solvents took place according to normal kinetics of the second order. Reaction kinetics depend on the nature of the amine and solvent in Chloromethylated polystyrene reactions. In dioxane the self-accelerating effect of the reaction for β ≃ 0.5 is apparent. Steric hindrance of the reaction, beginning with a conversion degree of about 75%, wss observed for butyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine in N,N-dimethylformamide. This self-accelerating effect is observed in dioxane at the same reaction degree. The activation energies and frequency factors were calculated for the amination of benzyl chloride and chloromethylated polystyrene with the two amines in N,N-dimethylformamide and dioxane.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180726
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of amination of chloromethylated polystyrene with hydroxyalkylic tertiary amines (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 10 (1972), S. 3077-3088 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the amination of chloromethylated polystyrene with two hydroxyalkylic tertiary amines (1-dimethyl-amino-3-propanol and 1-dimethylamino-2-propanol) in dimethylacetamide and dioxane was studied. The amination of benzyl chloride with the two amines in dimethylacetamide was followed. It was found that the amination of chloromethylated polystyrene is a two-step reaction taking place with different rates. The rate constants k1 and k2 were calculated for the two stages, and a self-accelerating effect of the reaction was noticed. Also, the influence of the position of the hydroxyl group versus the tertiary nitrogen was investigated. The increase of the dielectric constant of the solvent favorably influences the reaction rate.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1972.170101024
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