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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Virtually all scenarios for the long-term habitation of spacecraft and other extraterrestrial structures involve plants as important parts of the contained environment that would support humans. Recent experiments have identified several effects of spaceflight on plants that will need to be more fully understood before plant-based life support can become a reality. The International Space Station (ISS) is the focus for the newest phase of space-based research, which should solve some of the mysteries of how spaceflight affects plant growth. Research carried out on the ISS and in the proposed terrestrial facility for Advanced Life Support testing will bring the requirements for establishing extraterrestrial plant-based life support systems into clearer focus.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Current opinion in plant biology (ISSN 1369-5266); Volume 5; 3; 258-63
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) hardware will be a large growth volume plant habitat, capable of hosting multigenerational studies, in which environmental variables (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide level light intensity and spectral quality) can be tracked and controlled in support of whole plant physiological testing and Bio-regenerative Life Support System investigations.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SP-2015-07-289-KSC , KSC-E-DAA-TN30973 , Space Symposium; Apr 11, 2016 - Apr 14, 2016; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-11-30
    Description: Long-duration space missions will eventually require a fresh food supply to supplement crew diets, which means growing crops in space. The Passive Orbital Nutrient Delivery System (PONDS) is a new plant growth approach that contains both an area for a contained substrate and a reservoir for water and/or plant nutrient solutions. Ground studies have shown that the system facilitates both reliable water delivery to seeds for germination (e.g., while avoiding overwatering), and transport of water from the reservoir for improved plant growth while providing nutrients and oxygen to the root zone. In ground prototypes a capillary mat wicking material passively links the water/nutrient solution reservoir to a removable rooting module containing a substrate adapted to support plant growth. Oxygen permeable membranes are incorporated into both the reservoir walls and the rooting modules, bringing in oxygen from outside of the system into the reservoir and then into the rooting modules where the plant roots proliferate. Water is delivered from the reservoir to the substrate contained within the rooting module through the use of wicking material inserted into the plant growth substrate both from the bottom and from the sides of the rooting module. The capillary mat material is intrinsically hydrophilic and continuously wicks water to the substrate throughout the plant growth interval. The system is therefore self-watering in terms of supplying water to the root zone encompassed within the rooting module on demand. At the top, a hydrophilic phenolic foam plug surrounds the wick in the seed insertion zone, and both contains the substrate within the rooting module, and facilitates removal of excess moisture from the capillary mat wick before it can encompass seeds prior to germination. This work is supported by NASAs Space Life and Physical Sciences and Research Applications Division (SLPSRAD).
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: KSC-E-DAA-TN69736 , American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR) Meeting; Nov 20, 2019 - Nov 23, 2019; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A concentrated development effort was begun at NASA Johnson Space Center to create an advanced Portable Life Support System (PLSS) packaging concept. Ease of maintenance, technological flexibility, low weight, and minimal volume are targeted in the design of future micro-gravity and planetary PLSS configurations. Three main design concepts emerged from conceptual design techniques and were carried forth into detailed design, then full scale mock-up creation. "Foam", "Motherboard", and "LEGOtm" packaging design concepts are described in detail. Results of the evaluation process targeted maintenance, robustness, mass properties, and flexibility as key aspects to a new PLSS packaging configuration. The various design tools used to evolve concepts into high fidelity mock ups revealed that no single tool was all encompassing, several combinations were complimentary, the devil is in the details, and, despite efforts, many lessons were learned only after working with hardware.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: 99-ES-161 , ICES; Jul 01, 1999; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) was developed by Orbital Technologies Corp. to be a simple, easily stowed, and high growth volume yet low resource facility capable of producing fresh vegetables on the International Space Station (ISS). In addition to growing vegetables in space, Veggie can support a variety of experiments designed to determine how plants respond to microgravity, provide real-time psychological benefits for the crew, and conduct outreach activities. Currently, Veggie provides the largest volume available for plant growth on the ISS.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: SP-2015-11-435-KSC , KSC-E-DAA-TN30929 , Space Symposium; Apr 11, 2016 - Apr 14, 2016; Colorado Springs, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 993-1011 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of some polyacids, principally poly(acrylic acid), on nylon powder has been studied. In aqueous solutions at low pH the adsorption behavior of poly(acrylic acid) is controlled by adsorbate coil dimensions rather than by electrostatic effects. Less adsorption takes place from methanol solutions but the process is much more rapid than from water. Above a critical value, increase of adsorbate molecular weight leads to a reduced adsorption, the effect being particularly evidenced by aqueous solutions. Model compounds (propionic and glutaric acids) are rapidly adsorbed from both methanol and water, but give low specific absorptions. Adsorption of poly(acrylic acids) and model compounds, is reduced, but not eliminated, by modification of the nylon adsorbent through acetylation or methoxymethylation. The adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) on nylon is not readily reversible; however, partial neutralization will release preadsorbed poly(acrylic acid) from nylon powder. The adsorption behavior of copolymers of acrylic acid with N-vinylpyrrolidone is reported, as are brief studies on some other homopolyacids. The results are generally interpreted on the basis of sorption of the macromolecules into a swollen, flexible adsorbent.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1023-1028 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption behavior on silica of some polystrenes of moderate molecular weight distribution, both singly and in mixtures, has been examined. The adsorption isotherms indicate that, in both a good solvent (trichloroethylene) and under theta conditions, the species of higher molecular weight is preferentially adsorbed at or near full surface coverage, but that the smaller adsorbate has an improved opportunity for adsorption at low surface coverage. The use of tritiated adsorbates substantiate the isotherm data in cyclohexane solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 10 (1972), S. 1013-1022 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Nylon fibers of various draw ratios have been used as the adsorbents in the adsorption of low molecular weight acids and of polyacrylic acids from solution. Polymer adsorption is lower than on a precipitated nylon and decreases with fiber orientation; however, propionic acid and glutaric acids do not show this dependence on nylon structure. The structural alterations consequent on fiber drawing also reduce swelling in hydroxylated liquids. The greater accessibility of the precipitated nylon is shown by vapor sorption and extends to nonhydroxylated vapors; however, the differences in behavior between polyamide powder and fiber cannot be fully attributed to the former possessing a porous structure, in the sense normally employed in surface chemistry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 841-852 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of a series of block and random styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers on an animal charcoal and on Graphon has been studied. On charcoal, adsorption decreases with increase of molecular weight because of the inability of larger coils to penetrate into the adsorbent. An analysis is presented which requires that coils undergo considerable distortion on adsorption in pores. The adsorption of random copolymers on Graphon is also in reverse order of molecular weight; this effect may be due to particle bridging leading to the formation of interparticle “pores.” The relative affinity of the styrene and methyl methacrylate residues is different on charcoal and Graphon, respectively; on both surfaces, however, relatively few of the more active residues are required for adsorption. Block and random copolymers are adsorbed to different extents which depend on the nature of the adsorbent surface.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 2305-2313 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of three acrylonitrile-butadiene random copolymers from two solvents has been studied: two pyrogenic silicas of differing surface areas, which had received several surface modifications, were used as adsorbents. Infrared spectroscopic studies confirm that the nitrile groups bond to the silica surface. The amount of copolymer adsorbed is related to the acrylonitrile content, which also controls the copolymer solubility: adsorptions are higher from benzene than from a better solvent, trichloroethylene. Vapor sorption of model compounds indicate how the adsorbent surface area and surface composition affect monolayer capacities: heats of adsorption are not markedly altered by the adsorbent modifications.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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