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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-Pyridylethylation of intact polyacrylamide gels and in situ digestion of electrophoretically separated proteins: A rapid mass spectrometric method for identifying cysteine-containing peptides (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 17 (1996), S. 907-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Peptide mass fingerprinting ; Capillary liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In-gel proteolytic digestion of acrylamide-gel separated proteins is a method widely used for generating peptide fragments for the purpose of identifying proteins by Edman degratation, tandem mass spectrometry, and peptide-mass fingerprinting. However, it is well recognised for disulfide-bonded proteins electrophoresed under reducing conditions that if no precautions are taken to minimise disulfide bond formation during protein digestion or peptide isolation, complex peptide maps can result. Here, we describe an improved method for in-gel protein digestion. It consists of first reducing and S-pyridylethylating Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250-stained proteins immobilised in the whole gel slab with dithiothreitol and 4-vinylpyridine, excising the individual stained and alkylated proteins, and then digesting them in situ in the gel matrix with trypsin or Achromobacter lyticus protease I. Peptide fragments generated in this manner are extracted from the gel piece and purified to homogeneity by a rapid (≤12 min) reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure, based upon conventional silica supports. Recoveries of peptides are increased by S-pyridylethylation of acrylamide-immbilised proteins prior to in-gel digestion. Further, the levels of gel-related contaminants, which otherwise result in suppression of sample signals during electrosprayionisation mass spectrometry, are greatly reduced by the reduction / alkylation step. Additionally, we demonstrate that S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)-cysteine containing peptides can be readily identified during reversed-phase HPLC by absorance at 254 nm, and during electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry by the appearance of a characteristic-pyridylethyl fragment ion of 106 Da. The position of cysteine residues in a sequence can be determined as phenylthiohydantoin S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)-cysteine during Edman degradation, and by tandem mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150170512
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonreducing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of human colonic proteins (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1120-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Mass spectrometry ; Peptide mass fingerprinting ; Capillary liquid chromatography ; Human colonic proteins ; Immunoblot analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Immunochemical detection of proteins with antigenic determinants that are dependent on the native spatial conformation of the protein can often pose problems with conventional two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). For example, many antigenic determinants are readily destroyed by reducing agents and/or urea, reagents which are critical components of many of the conventional isoelectric focusing and immobilized-pH-gradient (IPG) protocols used in the first electrophoretic dimension. Here we describe the use of commercially available precast 2-DE gels for performing nonreducing/non-urea 2-DE of proteins extracted from the human colon cancer cell line LIM 1215 with 0.3% Triton X-100 that permit the identification of antigens with conformational determinants by immunoblot analysis. Previous, related studies demonstrated the usefulness of peptide-mass fingerprinting for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins. Here we show how partial protein sequence data obtained by rapid peptide mapping, using capillary column liquid chromatography directly coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric methodologies, enhances the usefulness of this approach for identifying incompletely resolved proteins. The nonreducing 2-DE gel images reported in this study, along with our master 2-DE gel protein database for both normal human colonic crypts and several colon-cancer-derived cell lines, and information regarding microtechniques employed in this laboratory for obtaining structural data on 2-DE resolved proteins can be accessed over the Internet using World Wide Web (URL address: http://www.ludwig.edu.au).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601189
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox initiation of polymerization using 1,3-dioxane-2-hydroperoxides (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2901-2904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationships in polyamides containing cyclohexylene or phenylene structures (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2005-2016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyamides were prepared from linear, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of six to twelve carbon atoms with 1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine), 1,4-cyclohexanebis (ethylamine), p-xylylenediamine, and p-phenylenebis(ethylamine). Melting points, glass transition temperatures, densities, and moisture regains were compared for the polymers to determine the relative effect of the cyclohexylene and phenylene linkages. While polyamides containing the trans-cyclohexylene group possessed higher glass transition temperatures than their aromatic counterparts, melting behavior was not as consistent. The odd-even rule, which states that polyamides with an even number of methylene linkages between the ring and the functional group melt higher than those with an odd number of such linkages, was violated in the cycloaliphatic systems. The Tg of ring-containing polyamide fibers was not dependent solely upon ring concentration, but was influenced by the molecular fit of the ringed intermediate in the polymer chains. Molecular fit appears to affect the Tg and melting point of alicyclic polyamides to a greater extent than the aromatic analogs. Differences in Tg, both within and among the polymer series, was not explained by either density or the degree of crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120914
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyamides. III. Copoly(4,4′-oxanilideterephthalamide - 4,4′-phenyleneterephthalamide): Synthesis, wet-spinning, fiber thermal characterization, and stability in sulfuric acid (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 16 (1978), S. 2151-2157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copoly(4,4′-oxanilideterephthalamide - 4,4′-phenyleneterephthalamide) (A-202/PPD) was synthesized by reaction of 4,4′-diaminooxanilide, p-phenylenediamine, and terephthaloyl chloride in organic solvents. Copolymer inherent viscosities in H2SO4 as high as 10.3 were obtained. Isotropic copolymer solutions (4% - 5% concentration) of A-202/40%-80% PPD were spun to fibers with tenacity/elongation/modulus at 1% extension in the 13-14 gpd/1.5%-2%/700-1000 gpd range. Oxamide and amide stabilities in 98-100% H2SO4 and 20% oleum were compared. Poly(4,4′-oxanilideterephthalamide) (A-202), A-202/PPD copolymers, and poly(4,4′-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPT) were unstable in 20% oleum, but all proved relatively stable in 100% H2SO4. However, the oxamide linkage proved less stable than the amide linkage in 98% H2SO4. A-202 and A-202/PPD copolymers formed stable anisotropic spinning solutions in 1% oleum at 10-20% concentrations. Dynamic mechanical analyses (Vibron) showed no glass transition temperature (Tg) below 200°C. Dilatometric measurement of A-202/50% PPD revealed a Tg at 257°C. Differential thermal analyses of A-202/40-80% PPD exhibited endotherms at 470-480°C. Thermogravimetric analyses showed no significant weight loss below 400°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.170160905
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1867-1869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170633
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity and normal stresses in branched polydisperse polymersPresented in part at the 63rd National AIChE Meeting, St. Louis, February, 1968. (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 1887-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The steady-flow behavior of five samples of branched poly(vinyl acetate) has been studied with the Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The branching densities and molecular weight distributions were known from an analysis of the polymerization kinetics. Measurements were made on concentrated diethyl phthalate solutions (0.170 and 0.225 g/ml) at temperatures of 30 and 70°C. The viscosities of all solutions at zero shear rate were less than of solutions of linear poly(vinyl acetate) with the same weight-average molecular weight. The amount of decrease was in excellent agreement with Bueche's theory of melt viscosity in branched systems. The viscosity versus shear rate curves were surprisingly independent of molecular weight distribution, the data from all samples being superimposable on the same master curve. Relaxation times derived independently from the viscosity behavior and the normal stress data were of similar magnitude and always close to the Rouse relaxation time of each solution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160061105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma proteins (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 605-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Tandem mass spectrometry ; Peptide mass fingerprinting ; Post-source-decay fragmentation ; Human colonic proteins ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The master two-dimensional gel database of human colon carcinoma cells currently lists cellular proteins from normal crypts and the colorectal cancer cell lines LIM 1863, LIM 1215 and LIM 1899 (Ward et al., Electrophoresis 1990, 11, 883-891; Ji et al., Electrophoresis 1994, 15, 391-405). Updated two-dimensional electrophoretic (2-DE) maps of cellular proteins from LIM 1215 cells, acquired under both nonreducing and reducing conditions, are presented. Fifteen cellular proteins are identified in the reducing 2-DE gel map, and seven in the nonreducing gel map, along with a tabular listing of their Mr/pI loci and mode of identification. We also include our mass spectrometric based procedures for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins. This procedure relies on a combination of capillary column (0.10-0.32 mm internal diameter) reversed-phase HPLC peptide mapping of in-gel digested proteins, peptide mass fingerprinting, sequence analysis by either collision-induced dissociation or post-source-decay fragmentation, and protein identification using available database search algorithms. These data, and descriptions of the micro-techniques employed in this laboratory for identifying 2-DE resolved proteins can be accessed via the internet URL: http://www.ludwig.edu.au.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180344
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of 1,1,3-trimethyl-5-carboxy-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)indan upon polyamide properties (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 2195-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolyamides of nylon 66 and 1,1,3-trimethyl-5-carboxy-3-(p-carboxyphenyl)indan (PIDA) were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon 66 salt with PIDA in combination with hexamethylenediamine, trans-1,4-cyclohexanebis(methylamine), and m-xylylenediamine. In addition, hexamethylenediamine-PIDA was incorporated into the copolymer system of nylon 66-poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide). The effect of PIDA upon the intrinsic viscosity, crystallinity, density, melting point, moisture regain, tenacity, initial modulus, and the boiling-water shrinkage of such polyamides was determined. Particular emphasis was placed upon the influence of PIDA on the glass transition temperature of the polyamides. The effect of moisture on the glass transition temperature was also discussed. The physical properties of PIDA copolymers indicate that crystallinity virtually disappears above 20 mole-% PIDA concentration; however, the glass transition temperature measured at 0 and 30% RH increases sharply with increased PIDA concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1969.150070816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationships of ring-containing nylon 66 copolyamides (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 3089-3111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several series of nylon 66 copolyamides were prepared with up to 30 mole-% substitution of ringed comonomers of the type X-(CH2)n-R-(CH2)n-X, where n = 0, 1, or 2; X = -NH2 or —CO2H; and R = phenylene, cyclohexylene, or naphthyle. The ring structure was correlated with glass transition temperature and melting point. The important features of ring structure fall into the following categories: ring isomerism, aromaticity, diamine vs. diacid substitution, chain length, and ring substitution. Proper “fit” (isomorphism) of the comonomer into the nylon 66 chain appears to be the main criterion for ringed copolymers of high Tg and high melting point.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.150081105
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