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  • Physics  (14)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (14)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of acrylamide and styrene. II. Reactivity ratios with unperturbed acrylamide (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 3037-3042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It was reported earlier that the copolymerization of acrylamide and styrene is strongly affected by the copolymerization medium. The effect was attributed to a change in the polarity of the ethylenic bond in the acrylamide monomer due to hydrogen bonding and/or dipole - dipole interaction, depending on the medium. In view of those findings, it was suggested that absolute values for the reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of these two monomers might be obtained only when the acrylamide monomer is unperturbed. Copolymerizations of these monomers at a number of ratios, therefore, were done in benzene, which does not undergo hydrogen bonding and has no dipole moment, at high dilution, when amide - amide interactions between acrylamide molecules should be essentially eliminated. The values of r1 and r2(M1 = acrylamide) were 9.14 ± 0.27 and 0.67 ± 0.08, respectively. There appears to be some indication in this system that high dilution adversely affects the reactivity of the acrylamide monomer while enhancing that of styrene. This aspect requires more study.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170111201
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imidization during polymerization of acrylamide (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spontaneous imidization of acrylamide during polymerization has been studied in three media: benzene, diglyme, and water. The data indicate that neither medium, time, nor temperatures below 140°C cause imidization to occur. The ascription of the low nitrogen found in polyacrylamide by some investigators to imide formation appears to be in error. The low nitrogen is due rather to retained solvent and/or water, for which polyacrylamide has a strong affinity. Imidization may be brought about by strong acids. The solubility of an imidized polyacrylamide decreases with increasing imide content.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for ionic clusters in butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers neutralized with various salts (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Effects of neutralization on butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers have been studied. In Hycar CTB with 2% acid groups, small-angle x-ray scattering gives evidence of some cation clustering and leads to a value of the mean radius of 5.6 Å for the clusters and a value of the distance between them of 70 Å. When the concentration of salt is increased there is no appreciable change in the distance between clusters or in their size, but their number increases. The structure of clusters has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance in copolymers neutralized with copper salts. The appearance of a line as in the monohydrated acetate salt permits one to define the structure of clusters consisting of two Cu2+ and four RCOO- ions with two H2O or RCOOH molecules. When the temperature is increased, the signal corresponding to Cu2+-Cu2+ pairs disappears. In high molecular weight butadiene methacrylic acid copolymers with 9% acid groups, we have found the ion pair clusters gathered into larger clusters. In dynamic mechanical properties, a relaxation peak appears at 340°K. We interpret this as due to breaking and possible re-forming of dipolar associations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.180120110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of glassy polymers. VI. Electron microscopy of polycarbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(vinyl chloride), and polystyrene (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 2005-2014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: High-resolution electron microscopy studies have been carried out on four glassy polymers examined in previous small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) investigations. The polymers include polycarbonate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(vinyl chloride), and polystyrene. For all four polymers, both bright field and dark-field observations indicate the general absence of microstructural features of a size down to the resolution limit of the electron microscope. Only “pepper and salt” features on a scale ca. 5 Å are seen as characteristic of the structures. These features reflect simple interferences as the resolution limit is approached, and are seen for single crystal and oxide glasses as well as for the polymers. The present results, taken together with structural information from light scattering, SAXS, and small-angle neutron scattering, indicate that glassy polymers should be regarded as having rendom structures. The combined results are inconsistent with heterogeneous microstructures having regions of locally high order present in large volume fractions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180161110
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion clustering in a butadiene, styrene, 4-vinylpyridine terpolymer crosslinked by coordination with iron(III) chloride (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 569-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A butadiene, styrene, 4-vinylpyridine terpolymer has been crosslinked by coordination of the pyridine groups with iron chloride. The distribution and structure of the iron complexes have been studied. Electron microscopy has given evidence of clustering of the iron complexes. The size distribution of these clusters has been evaluated by small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements have shown the presence of three different kinds of iron complexes: (a) complexes with a speromagnetic structure in the clusters previously found, (b) dimers with antiferromagnetic coupling, and (c) quasi-isolated complexes with weak ferromagnetic coupling. The percentages of these different iron complexes have been measured.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160401
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Four-center photopolymerization. A heterogeneous topochemical solid-state reaction (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1365-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The four-center solid-state photopolymerization of distyrylpyrazine (DSP) and of 2,6-naphthalene bis(acrylic acid-2,4-dichloro phenyl ester) (NBA-DCP) was investigated by x-ray and microscopic techniques. In both cases the polymer grows as a separate product phase topotactically well arranged with respect to the monomer matrix. In the case of polymerization of DSP the space group of the monomer (Pbca) is not maintained but the polymer phase has space group P21ca. Nucleation and growth of the polymer phase was observed by light and electron microscopy. Nucleation occurs at defect sites. The polymer grows at different rates in different crystallographic directions which were identified by electron diffraction in the case of DSP. Polymerization thus occurs in the transition region between monomer crystal and product phase and not in the bulk of the crystal so that the four-center-type photopolymerization is best described as a heterogeneous solid-state reaction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160803
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for viscosity measurements at high pressure (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 2225-2228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The technique of quasielastic light scattering is utilized to determine the viscosity of fluids subjected to large hydrostatic pressures. In this method, a small concentration of insoluble polystyrene spheres of known diameter, 0.109 μm, is added to the fluid. The high-pressure cell in which the fluid is contained has three optical windows. The laser light scattered from the suspended spheres is analyzed to determine the diffusion coefficient of the spheres. Since, by the Stokes law, the viscosity of the fluid is determined from the measured diffusion coefficient and known particle radius r. A small correction is required for the contraction of the spheres and for refractive-index change of the water under pressure. Results on the viscosity of water at 25°C up to pressures of 2.5 kbar are reported and compared with published results. This method is applicable to lubricants and polymer solutions where the viscosity is many orders of magnitude greater than that of water.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180171216
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition temperatures of ABA poly(styrene-b-isoprene) block copolymers by differential scanning calorimetry (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The glass transition behavior of two sets of ABA poly(styrene-b-isoprene) block copolymers was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. In one series, the triblock copolymers had different total molecular weights and the same (30 wt %) polyisoprene content, in the other, the molecular weight was constant (30,000 g/mol) and the elastomer content was the variable. For all triblock copolymers studied, the data show an inward shift for the glass transition temperatures Tg of the corresponding homopolymers. This shift increases for the rigid-phase Tg as the polystyrene block length decreases. Depending on their molecular characteristics, two, three, or only one Tg were found. The third Tg was interpreted in terms of the existence of an interphase. Some of these conclusions could be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinking of elastomers by coordination bonding. Study of clustering of the coordination complexes by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1057-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180130517
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion clustering studies in poly(butadiene-styrene-4-vinylpyridine) crosslinked by iron (III) chloride. Differential enthalpic analysis and electron microscopy (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1881-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A terpolymer of butadiene-styrene-vinylpyridine has been crosslinked by addition of iron chloride. Differential enthalpic analysis gives evidence of a two-phase system. Electron microscope studies at 0.1 and 1 MeV show the existence of precipitates. The majority of these ironrich aggregates have diameters less than 100 Å. Their form is polyhedral but very nearly spherical. No crystallinity has been detected inside the clusters. Thus the existence of strong interactions as in crystals of FeCl3 hydrates is excluded.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.180131003
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