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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protonation of fully aromatic betacarbolines in highly concentrated sulphuric acid media (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 8 (1995), S. 559-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The monocation-dication equilibria of 6-nitro and 6-sulphonic acid derivatives of betacarboline (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) were investigated mostly by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Dications are formed in very highly concentrated sulphuric acid solutions (〉15 M). Ionization constants, pKa values and solvation parameters obtained from the excess acidity method are reported. The unusually high m* parameters are discussed and compared with other related data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610080807
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of the solubility behaviour of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous-CO-solvent mixtures (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 6 (1993), S. 651-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The solubility behaviour of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous mixtures was studied by determining the interactions between the co-solvent and water. Three clear classes of co-solvent are evident. In the first, including ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and acetone, there is formation of clathrate hydrates by the co-solvent. In these systems the solubilization is a maximum at the mole fraction corresponding to the minimum in the partial excess molar volume. The second class, including such solvents as dimethyl sulphoxide and pyridine, forms strong molecular complexes with water, and here a valley and a plateau region occur in the solubility values. In the third class, including formamide and urea, a steady increase in the solubility is observed. For these highly polar solvents no maxima are observed in intrinsic solvent properties such as the partial excess molar volume.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610061203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the side chain on the stability of Schiff-bases formed between pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and amino acids (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 22 (1990), S. 905-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stability of some Schiff-bases formed between PLP and different amino acids has been investigated in a wide range of pH. The kinetic constants of formation of these compounds and their hydrolysis rate constants have been determined. Results show that the α-position of the carboxyl group of amino acid plays an important role on the mechanism of water attack upon the C=N—bond. The absence of ionic groups in the surroundings of that bond must be an important factor of stability. Bulky hydrophobic substituents in the amino acid, near the amine part, protect the imine bond against hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550220903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerted mechanism of the aminolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl o-ethyl dithiocarbonate in aqueous ethanol (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 26 (1994), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of the title substrate with a series of secondary alicyclic amines are subjected to a kinetic study in 44 wt% aqueous ethanol, 25.0°C, and ionic strength 0.2 M (KCl). The Brönsted-type plot (log kN vs. pKa of the amine, where kN is the second-order rate coefficient) obtained is linear with slope β = 0.53, which indicates a concerted mechanism. The predicted Brönsted break for a hypothetical stepwise mechanism is pKa0 = 8.7, which was not observed (pKa range of amines: 6-11). The same reaction in water is stepwise, which shows that the tetrahedral intermediate found in water is much destabilized by the change of solvent from water to aqueous ethanol. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550260510
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise mechanisms of the aminolyses of 4-Nitrophenyl and 2,4-Dinitrophenyl O-Ethyl Dithiocarbonates in aqueous Ethanol (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 27 (1995), S. 987-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of the title substrates with a series of secondary alicyclic amines are subjected to a kinetic study in 44 wt% aqueous ethanol, at 25.0deg;C, ionic strength 0.2 M (maintained with KCl). Pseudo-first-order kinetics are found under amine excess. The order in amine obtained is one in the reactions of all amines. The Brönsted-type plots for the overall second-order rate coefficients are biphasic with slopes β1 = 0.3 (high pKa), β2 = 0.95 (low pKa) for the aminolysis of the 4-nitro derivative, and β1 = 0.3 and β2 = 0.80 for the aminolysis of the dinitro compound; the pKa values at the curvature center are pKa0 = 9.8 and 9.5, respectively. From a comparison of these pKa0 values with those found in the same reactions in water and the shapes of the Brönsted-type plots, it is concluded that these reactions are stepwise, with the formation of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction pathway. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550271004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of the complex pentacyano(3-pyrazincarboxylate)ferrate(II) in various water-cosolvent mixtures (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 22 (1990), S. 1017-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article presents the kinetic of formation of pentacyano(3-pyrazincarboxylate)ferrate(II) from pyrazincarboxylate and pentacyanoaquoferrate(II) ions in various isodielectric water-cosolvent mixtures at 298 K. The rate law is in the form d[Fe(CN)5(3-pzCO2)4-]/dt = kf[Fe(CN)5H2O-3] [pzCO2-]. Plots of log(kf/dm3 mol-1 s-1) vs. Dm-1 (where Dm is the bulk dielectric constant of the medium) and log(kf/dm3 mol-1 s-1) vs. the Grunwald-Winstein parameter are nonlinear for some of the mixtures and to each mixture corresponds a different behavior in respect to the above parameters. The plots of log(kf/dm3 mol-1 s-1) vs. the mol fraction of water are straight lines over the entire composition range studied, except for the water-methanol mixture. It is evident that the solvation phenomenon plays a dominant role and that the rate of formation is mediated by the dual solvent vectors, the overall basicity and acidity of the solvent mixtures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550221002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schiff bases between pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and dodecylamine. Kinetic study (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 24 (1992), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We studied the formation and hydrolysis of the Schiff base of pyridoxal-5′ -phosphate (PLP) and n-dodecylamine (DOD) by kinetic methods and found the formation rate constants to be much larger than those reported for related systems. This can be ascribed to the occurrence of local concentration of charges in the vicinity of the carbinolamine, which stabilizes the corresponding transition state of the dehydration reaction. On the other hand, the hydrolysis rate constants of our system were considerably smaller as a result of the 12-atom hydrocarbon chain acting as a bulky hydrophobic rest protecting the imine bond from attack by water.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550240108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline hydrolysis of cephaloridine: An 1H—NMR study. Temperature dependence of the rate constants (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 25 (1993), S. 865-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic study on the basic hydrolysis of cephaloridine at pD= 10.5 was carried out by using the 1H—NMR technique. Epimerization at H7, a nucleophilic attack of hydroxyl ion on the β-lactam carbonyl group followed by the release of the pyridine molecule, and isomerization of the double bond at position 3 in the dihydrothiazine ring were the major reactions observed.Based on the results obtained, it should be emphasized that the presence of a pyridine group at 3′ results in a slightly increased formation constant for the exo methylene compound relative to other cephalosporins with different substituents at that position.The activation energy for the epimerization constant and the cleavage of the β-lactam ring at pD 10.5 was 21.2 kcal/mol. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550251007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt effects upon reactions of different charge type reactants: Peroxodisulphate Oxidations of Fe(CN)4(bpy)2-, cis-Fe(CN)2(bpy)2 and Fe(bpy)32+ and Iron(II) Oxidation by Co(NH3)5Cl2+ (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 26 (1994), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Salt effects on the oxidation of the iron(II) complexes Fe(CN)4(bpy)2-, cis-(CN)2(bpy)2 and Fe(bpy)32+ by S2O82- as well as on the reaction Fe2+ + Co(NH3)5Cl2+ have been studied in concentrated electrolyte solutions at 298.2 K. We have gone from anion-anion to cation-cation reaction with the intermediate cases of anion-neutral and cation-anion reactions. Results show that the main cause of the kinetic salt effects observed is the interaction between supporting electrolytes and the solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550260208
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