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  • Articles  (369)
  • Chemistry  (355)
  • Phylogeny  (14)
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  • Articles  (369)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic Analysis of the Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 40 (1995), S. 487-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ; Phylogeny ; Evolution of protein translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numerous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase sequences have been aligned by computer and phylogenetic trees constructed from them for the two classes of these enzymes. Branching orders based on a consensus of these trees have been proposed for the two groups. Although the order of appearance can be rationalized to fit many different scenarios having to do with the genetic code, the invention of a system for translating nucleic acid sequences into polypeptide chains must have predated the existence of these proteins. In the past, a variety of schemes has been proposed for matching amino acids and tRNAs. Most of these have invoked direct recognition of one by the other, whether or not the anticodon was involved. Often ignored is the possibility of a nonprotein (presumably RNA) matchmaker for bringing the two into conjunction. If such had been the case, then the contemporary aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases could have entered the system gradually, each specific type replacing its matchmaking RNA counterpart in turn. A simple displacement scheme of this sort accommodates the existence of two different families of these enzymes, the second being introduced well before the first had undergone sufficient genetic duplications to specify the full gamut of amino acids. Such a scheme is also consistent with similar amino acids often, but not always, being the substrates of enzymes with the most similar amino acid sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of evolutionary rates of the two major kinds of superoxide dismutase (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; Phylogeny ; Evolutionary rates ; Horizontal gene transfers ; Molecular clock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phylogenetic trees were constructed for 25 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases and 31 Mn/Fe superoxide dismutases. The latter set includes seven new sequences that we determined in an effort to make the two phylogenies equally representative. We analyzed all pairwise differences in each set in an attempt to estimate rates of change. As reported by others, the Cu-Zn enzyme has experienced significant changes in its evolutionary rate. In contrast, the clock for the Mn/Fe enzyme is ticking quite regularly. The comparison of these two independently evolved superoxide dismutases that catalyze the same reaction and occur together throughout much of the biological world suggests that adaptation to environmental stress is not the basis for the erratic rate of change observed in the Cu-Zn enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182394
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing the spread of fibronectin type III domains in bacterial glycohydrolases (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 631-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Fibronectin type III ; Bacteria ; Glycohydrolases ; Phylogeny ; Horizontal gene transfers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary spread of 22 fibronectin type III (Fn3) sequences among a dozen bacterial enzymes has been traced by searching databases with the non-Fn3 parts of the enzyme sequences. Numerous homologues were found that lacked the Fn3 domains. In each case the related sequences were aligned, phylogenetic trees were constructed, and the occurrences of Fn3 units on the trees were noted. Comparison with phylogenetic trees prepared from the Fn3 segments themselves allowed inferences to be made about when the Fn3 units were shuffled into their present positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacillus sp. WW3-SN6, a novel facultatively alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from the washwaters of edible olives (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Olive wastes ; Bacillus ; Alkaliphile ; Growth characteristics ; Lipid composition ; Phylogeny ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel Gram-positive facultatively alkaliphilic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as WW3-SN6, has been isolated from the alkaline washwaters derived from the preparation of edible olives. The bacterium is nonmotile, and flagella are not observed. It is oxidase positive and catalase negative. The facultative alkaliphile grows from pH 7.0 to 10.5, with a broad optimum from pH 8.0 to 9.0. It could grow in up to 15% (w/v) NaCl, and over the temperature range from 4° to 37°C, with an optimum between 27° and 32°C: therefore, it is both halotolerant and psychrotolerant. The bacterium is sensitive to a range of β-lactam, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics, but resistant to trimethoprim. The range of amino acids, sugars, and polyols utilized as growth substrates indicates that this alkaliphile is a heterotrophic bacterium. d(+)-glucose, d(+)-glucose-6-phosphate, d(+)-cellobiose, starch, or sucrose are the substrates best utilized. The major membrane lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, with smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. During growth at high pH, the proportion of phosphatidylglycerol is increased relative to phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acyl components in the membrane phospholipids are mainly branched chain, with 13-methyl tetradecanoic and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acids as the predominant components. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 41.1 ± 1.0 mol%. The results of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis place this alkaliphilic bacterium in a cluster, together with an unnamed alkaliphilic Bacillus species (98.2% similarity).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rates of flow through microporous solids (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of flow of pure gases, both those with no adsorption and those with appreciable adsorption, were studied as a function of pressure level, pressure drop, and temperature for flow through 1/2-in.-diameter cylindrical plugs of activated carbon and of unsintered Vycor glass. Adsorption isotherms for the pure gases on Vycor glass were measured over the range of variables covered in the flow studies. A few measurements were made for bulk liquid flowing through a Vycor plug.Permeabilities, which are proportional to the rate of flow per unit of pressure drop, were satisfactorily correlated for hydrogen, helium, argon, and nitrogen by employing existing gas-phase flow theory. Permeabilities considerably larger than the values predicted from the nonadsorbed gas correlation, sometimes more than seventeen times as large, were observed for ethylene, propylene, and isobutane flowing through a Vycor plug. For the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems, permeabilities for vapor flow are as much as sixty times larger than for bulk liquid flow.The unusual flow phenomena for the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems are attributed to a rapid transport in the adsorbed layer. The total transport is treated as being the sum of gas-phase and adsorbed-layer flow. An equation describing adsorbed-layer movement is derived by utilizing a force balance together with thermodynamic principles. The resulting equation has just one empirical constant, and its use requires adsorption-isotherm data. It correlates very well the surface flow rates for the major range of the variables covered in this investigation. Rate measurements were made for adsorbed-layer concentrations ranging from about one tenth of a monolayer up through the capillary condensation region. Deviations in the one constant form of the equation are observed below one tenth of a monolayer. The available literature data on flow in adsorbed layers are reasonably well correlated by the same equation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of surface cooling by bubbles during nucleate boiling of water (1964)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 10 (1964), S. 656-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By using a special surface thermocouple Moore and Mesler have measured large temperature fluctuations during nucleate boiling of water on chromel P surface. They found that the temperature dropped 20° to 30°F. in about 2 msec. but required 10 to 20 msec. to recover. They have postulated that the surface was cooled during initial bubble growth by evaporation of a microlayer into the bubble. To test this hypothesis a technique was developed to photograph a bubble growing from an artificial site as the surface temperature was measured.Temperature fluctuations were recorded on an oscilloscope which automatically triggered the bubble photographs by means of a time delay unit and flash tube. Photographs of bubbles were taken at 1 μsec. exposure time and ranged from about 10 μsec. after the start of the temperature drop to about 1 msec. before the start of another cycle. The photographs show that the surface cools during bubble growth and recovers during bubble departure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690100516
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface orientation on delay time of bubbles from artificial sites during nucleate boiling (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1020-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130536
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction path synthesis strategies (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1204-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system is offered for the mathematical representation of the functional and structural features of organic molecules and their reactions. Two basic synthesis strategies, an antithetic method anda synthetic method, are defined and compared. The use of heuristic information in guiding synthesis is evaluated. A synthetic method which uses dynamic programming is presented and applied to the synthesis of bihelical DNA. Possible extensions to other classes of compounds are presented.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190618
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-contribution estimation of activity coefficients in nonideal liquid mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1086-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A group-contribution method is presented for the prediction of activity coefficients in nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. The method combines the solution-of-functional-groups concept with a model for activity coefficients based on an extension of the quasi chemical theory of liquid mixtures (UNIQUAC). The resulting UNIFAC model (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) contains two adjustable parameters per pair of functional groups.By using group-interaction parameters obtained from data reduction, activity coefficients in a large number of binary and multicomponent mixtures may be predicted, often with good accuracy. This is demonstrated for mixtures containing water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, chlorides, nitriles, ketones, amines, and other organic fluids in the temperature range 275° to 400°K.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleate boiling in thin liquid films (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 954-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230629
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