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  • Photochemistry  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adiabatic Photoreactions of Organic Molecules (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 (1979), S. 572-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Adiabatic photoreactions ; Photochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An adiabatic photoreaction is a chemical process that occurs entirely on a single excited electronic energy surface. As a rule, most photoreactions of organic molecules start on an excited electronic surface but “jump” to a lower surface somewhere along the reaction coordinate. There are, however, exceptions to this general rule. For example, photoreactions involving small structural changes and minor alterations in covalent bonding (e.g., proton transfer and complex formation) are commonly found to occur adiabatically. The purpose of this review is to survey examples of more complicated adiabatic photoreactions such as fragmentation, electrocyclic rearrangements, and geometrical isomerizations. The concepts employed are presented in an introductory discussion.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197905721
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photophysical and Photochemical Processes in Micellar Systems (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 19 (1980), S. 675-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Micelles ; Photophysics ; Photochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fascinating feature inherent to aqueous surfactant solutions is the phenomenon of self-organization: above a certain critical concentration (the critical micelle concentration, CMC) detergent molecules associate spontaneously to build up structural entities of colloidal dimensions called micelles. The architecture of these agglomerates is such that the interior contains the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the amphiphile while the hydrophilic head groups are located at the surface and are in contact with bulk water. In the case of ionic micelles the interface is charged giving rise to an electrical double layer and a potential difference of up to several hundred millivolts between the micellar pseudophase and water. Thus micellar systems are microheterogeneous in character: the electrostatic potential and polarity prevailing in the interior of the aggregate differ from those of the bulk aqueous phase. A particularly attractive aspect of photochemical studies in micellar systems is the possibility of organizing the reactants at a molecular level: by comparison of the data in micelles with similar data in homogeneous solution one can learn about the molecular details of a given reaction and establish which conditions favor one pathway or another. In simple surfactant systems differences in rate and efficiency of a reaction will often be controlled by local electrostatic potentials and the compartmentalization of the reagents within the surfactant aggregates. Through the latter effect the statistics of probe distribution over the micelles becomes important in controlling fast photochemical events. Functional micelles are distinguished by the fact that the surfactant molecule contains a group which itself participates in the photoprocess. These units are unique in that self-assembly often introduces striking cooperative effects.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198006751
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