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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chimpanzee microsatellite PCR primers applied to paternity testing in a captive colony (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Pan troglodytes ; DNA typing ; Chimpanzee ; Paternity test ; Dinucleotide repeats ; GT/AC repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previously designed primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying microsatellite DNA segments containing GT/AC dinucleotide repeats in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) genome were used for paternity testing in a breeding colony in captivity. Combinations of three PCR primers identified the fathers of all the tested 40 chimpanzees born in an eight-year period. The results suggested: (1) a positive (though not conclusive) correlation between male rank and number of offspring; (2) choice of mating partners by the female rather than by the male; and (3) absence of stable mating pairs over the years. For studies of chimpanzees in captivity and in the wild, these primers should be useful for paternity testing, for investigating genetic variations, and for improving genetic maintenance of breeding colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382631
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphic microsatellite DNA amplification customized for chimpanzee paternity testing (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Pan troglodytes ; DNA typing ; Chimpanzee ; Paternity test ; Dinucleotide repeats ; GT/AC repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA segments containing GT/AC dinucleotide repeats in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) genome were screened. Thirteen transformedE. coli colonies were identified with the (GT)10 probe to have chimpanzee DNA fragments containing (GT)n repeats. These potentially polymorphic (variable n) DNA segments were sequenced. Primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying these DNA segments were designed. Six pairs of primers yielded polymorphic PCR products. Three of them revealed considerable length polymorphisms and heterozygosities in a group of captive chimpanzees. For studies on chimpanzees in the wild and in captivity, these primers should be useful for paternity testing, for investigating genetic variations, and for improving the genetic maintenance of breeding colonies. The strategy adopted in the present study to obtain PCR primers amplifying polymorphic microsatellite DNA segments may well be applicable to almost all eukaryotic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male dominance rank and reproductive success in an enclosed group of Japanese macaques: with special reference to post-conception mating (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Japanese macaque ; Paternity test ; Mating behaviour ; Hormonal status ; Estimated ovulation ; DNA fingerprinting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mating behaviour and reproductive success of male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) were studied in relation to the female sexual cycles, which were monitored from the plasma profiles of gonadotropins and ovarian hormones. Based on observations of the mating behaviour during four successive mating seasons and paternity identification by DNA fingerprinting in 35 out of 37 offspring born in the subsequent birth seasons, the correlations between (1) male dominance rank and timing of mating, and (2) male dominance rank and reproductive success were examined. The results may be summarized as follows. (1) The number of copulations with ejaculation by any male was positively correlated with the male dominance rank, but not with the identified numbers of offspring fathered by each male. (2) Males could not choose ovulatory females as mating partners: the number of copulations with ejaculation with females during ovulatory weeks was not related to the male's rank. Monopolized copulations in consortship were mostly observed between high-ranking males and non-lactating parous females after conception. (3) Paternity testing showed that the male copulating most frequently with a female was not the identified father in 11 out of 15 cases. Prediction of the fathers of offspring was difficult even from the number of copulations occurring at around the estimated time of ovulation. An adaptive explanation of these correlations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Japanese macaque microsatellite PCR primers for paternity testing (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Japanese macaque ; Polymerase chain reaction ; DNA polymorphism ; Paternity test ; Hamadryas baboon ; Grivet monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Capture and blood sampling in wild primate populations are difficult. For this reason, we need to use DNA extracted from the hair or feces of target animals. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, which amplifies small volumes of DNA, provides an ideal means for studying DNA variations in wild populations. Three sets of PCR primers which amplify highly polymorphic (GT/AC)n dinucleotide repetitive regions were synthesized from DNA sequences of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). One of the primer pairs detected at least seven alleles in one captive Japanese macaque group. Also, the fathers of four offspring whose mothers had died in a captive group of Japanese macaques were identified. In such cases, the father cannot be determined by the previous DNA fingerprinting method based on the polymorphism of minisatellite DNA. These primers were further tested with some species of the Cercopithecidae, e.g. grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus) and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). The results obtained suggest that these primers can detect stably inherited polymorphic regions in each species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381278
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating strategy and reproductive success of male patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 533-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Patas monkey ; Paternity test ; Mating strategy ; Mating system ; Social evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mating behavior and paternity of offspring of wild patas monkeys were studied at Kala Maloue National Park, Cameroon. Observation of patas groups over three years revealed that multi-male situations occurred after takeover of the position of a resident male. Direct observation of behavior showed that resident males (harem males) occupied only 31% of mating in multi-male situations and 100% in one-male situations. DNA-typing revealed that resident males sired two of four of infants in the one-male situation and four of five in the multi-male situation. Under the two years cycle of the one-male situation and the multi-male situation, calculation shows that resident males sired more offspring than sneakers both in observation and paternity testing. Sneak mating occurred during both one-male and multi-male situations, and resident males performed compensatory mating, with dilution of sneaker sperm; these activities explain the discrepancy found between observation of mating and results of paternity discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382664
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