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  • climate change  (2)
  • Partly bridged octols  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 19 (1994), S. 167-191 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Partly bridged octols ; selective functionalization ; hemicarcerand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A general study on the synthesis of partly bridged octols3a-d and4c-d is described. Tri-bridged diol3c can be prepared in 54% yield in DMSO at 70°C with excess CH2BrCl or in 52% yield in DMF at 70°C with only 4 equiv. of CH2BrCl. 1,3-Di-bridged tetrol4a, one of the two possible di-bridged isomers formed in preference to the other, was obtained in 30% yield. Tri-bridged diols3c andd can be selectively debrominated in one step by treatment with 5 equiv. ofn-BuLi in THF to afford the corresponding dibromo derivatives8a andb in 77% and 76% yields, respectively. After incorporation of the fourth bridge, the remaining two bromines can be replaced by C(O)OMe to give9c (60%), by OH to give9d (62%) or by CN to give9f (〉95%). When the lithiated derivatives of3c andd are quenched with electrophiles other thanH +, a selectively functionalized tri-bridged diol with hydroxyl (8c, 47%) and selectively functionalized cavitands with thiomethyl (9g, 25%) or iodo (9h, 20%) groups can be synthesized. Two molecules of9d were coupled with CH2BrCl in DMSO/THF under high dilution conditions to give the flexible hemicarcerand10 in 71% yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 46 (1997), S. 45-58 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: atmospheric change ; climate change ; integrated assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Integrated assessments (IAs) and integrated assessment models (IAMs) arerecent responses to the inter-disciplinary challenges provided by complexglobal environmental issues such as atmospheric change. This paper discussesan array of integrated assessments, providing an overview of the role of IAsas bridges or foundations for ’epistemic communities‘. Formal as well associal, political, and ethical issues are presented. As well as a definition of anIA and an IAM, different forms and approaches of current or proposed IAsare reviewed. Particular stress is laid on the need to maintain the integrity ofthe diverse components of an IA. Finally, reference is made to the need tounderstand the underlying ethical and normative concerns that have promotedthe current interest in IA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 49 (1998), S. 111-122 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: biodiversity ; climate change ; embedded society ; adaptation ; biogenetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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