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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 12 (1991), S. 391-400 
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: PIXE ; preconcentration ; freeze-drying ; rainwater ; fogwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract PIXE is a well established and valuable method for quantitative and qualitative aerosol elemental analysis. Using this method, we have developed a technique to simultaneously analyse the trace-element content in precipitation for elements with Z〉 12. Freeze-drying and leaching was used as a nonselective preconcentration technique. A special backing foil to take up the sample liquid to be dried was developed for these experiments. By careful adjustment of the experimental parameters, we reached a detection limit lower than 1 ppb for most detected elements. Thus, it will be possible to analyze precipitation at low concentrations of trace elements which are important for air chemistry and environmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 307 (1981), S. 97-104 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Seltenen Erden ; Röntgenemissions-Spektrometrie ; PIXE ; Eichkurven ; Präzision ; Matrix-Effekte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis calibration curves (i.e. intensity of analytical signal as a function of concentration c i ) are determined on thick solid samples with rare earth element concentrations c i ≤0.3g/g. The calibration curves are linear at low concentrations c i ≤0.3 weight% at proton energies 1.7≤E PO≤ 2.5MeV. The precision of the quantitative analysis amounts to ±4 %. The shape of the curves at higher concentrations may be understood by simple qualitative considerations. Distortions by interelement-effects caused by additional other rare earth elements j in concentrations c j ≤2 weight% are not detectable. The agreement between the experimental and the calculated intensities for different matrices is very good at low concentrations c i ≤1 weight% of analyte.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden Eichkurven (d. h. Intensität des Analysensignals in Abhängigkeit von der Analytkonzentration c i ) für die protoneninduzierte Röntgenspektralanalyse (PIXE) dicker Festkörperproben mit Seltenen Erdelementen im Konzentrationsbereich c i ≤0,3g/g aufgenommen. Diese Eichkurven verlaufen bei niedrigen Konzentrationen c i ≤ 0,3 Gewichts-% und Protonenenergien 1,7≤EPO≤2,5MeV linear. Die Genauigkeit der quantitativen Analyse beträgt ±4 %. Der Verlauf der Eichkurven bei höheren Konzentrationen kann durch einfache qualitative Überlegungen verstanden werden. Es werden keine Störungen durch Interelementeffekte beobachtet, die durch zusätzliche andere Seltene Erdelemente j in Konzentrationen c j ≤2 Gewichts-% hervorgerufen werden. Die Übereinstimmung der experimentellen und berechneten Intensitäten für verschiedene Matrices ist bei niedrigen Analytkonzentrationen c i ≤1 Gewichts-% sehr gut.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 35.10.-d ; 34.00 ; 36.00
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the results from measurements of equilibrium convoy electron yieldsY e (q) in coincidence with projectiles of different outgoing chargesq from Pb31+ (1.4 MeV/u) and C6+ (1 MeV/u) on carbon foils we present a simple rate equation for convoy electron production which gives a consistent interpretation of yields, for light and heavy projectile ions in nonequilibrium and equilibrium of charge exchange. It will be pointed out that from convoy electron yields in the equilibrium regime of charge exchange the relative importance of ELC and ECC processes to the total yield cannot be determined. However, absolute normalized equilibrium convoy electron yieldsY f (q) allows us to estimate the overall contribution of convoy electrons to charge exchange in dependence on the ionization stateq.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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