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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.10; 42.20; 78; 87
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The absorption coefficient μa, the scattering coefficient μs, and the scattering anisotropy factor g of porcine liver were studied in vitro using the integrating sphere technique and inverse Monte Carlo simulation in the wavelength range 450 to 700 nm. A reference preparation technique was developed using a dermatome providing specimens of 200 to 800 μm thickness without pre-freezing the tissue. The optical parameters as measured applying the reference preparation were compared to those measured after cryo-homogenisation. We found significant deviations of the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy factor which were compensated when the reduced scattering coefficient μs ′ was calculated. We also compared the effects of freezing reference specimens at -20 °C and at 77 K without homogenisation. For both freezing protocols noticeable deviations were found in all three optical parameters as well as in μs ′. The impact of tissue storage at 4 °C was measured in the range 4 to 48 h post mortem and showed a clear reduction of μa and a significant increase of μs even after 24 h of storage. Short-time storage of the specimens in saline solution reduced all three optical parameters significantly. In conclusion, the tissue preparation must be controlled in order to provide in vitro optical parameters that sufficiently mimic the in vivo situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 05.70 Ln ; 05.70 Jk ; 64
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The surface impedance of two 350nm thick YBCO films was measured for temperatures between 4.2K and 150K in a copper cavity at 87 GHz. Both films, one grown by electron beam evaporation on MgO, the other one by high oxygen-pressure dc sputtering from a stoichiometric target on LaAlO3, provide critical temperatures of about 91K, low residual surface resistances of Rs(4.2K) 〈 1mΩ and low specific resistivities in the normal state of ϱ(100K) 〈 85μΩcm. The experimental data obtained on these two films are compared to a d-wave model of superconductivity which incorporates elastic and inelastic scattering. Good agreement between theory and the experimental results for both the surface resistance and the penetration depth in the whole temperature range is achieved for scattering phase shifts near 0.4π and order parameter amplitudes in the range of 2Δ0(0)/kBTc = 6.0 – 7.5 without subtracting an extrinsic residual surface resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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