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  • 1
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    Validation of a semi-Lagrangian, canonical regression model of climates in the southwestern United States (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15664 | 8 | 2014-11-17 18:38:55 | 15664
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):A local climate model (LCM) has been developed to simulate the modern and 18 ka climate of the southwestern United States. ... LCM solutions indicate summers were about 1°C cooler and winters 11°C cooler at 18 ka. Annual PREC increased 68% at 18 ka, with large increases in spring and fall PREC and diminished summer monsoonal PREC. ... Validation of simulations of 18 ka climate indicate general agreement with proxy estimates of climate for that time. However, the LCM estimates of summer temperatures are about 5 to 10°C higher than estimates from proxy reconstructions.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Oceanography ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 163-171
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  • 2
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    High-resolution computation of isotopic processes in northern California using a local climate model (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15668 | 8 | 2014-11-17 19:32:57 | 15668
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):We describe a coupled local climate/isotope model that can calculate Rayleigh-type processes of distillation and fractionation of hydrogen isotopes along individual air mass flowlines in the western United States.This climate model is an extension of that detailed earlier by Craig and Stamm (1990). ... Volumetric effects of evapotranspiration (ET) are included. The model allows sensitivity studies of the influence of ET recycling.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Chemistry ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 191-203
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  • 3
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    A stochastic model of temporal variations in monthly temperature, precipitation, snowfall, and resulting snowpack (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14586 | 8 | 2014-02-14 01:37:43 | 14586
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: We report a Monte Carlo representation of the long-term inter-annual variability of monthly snowfall on a detailed (1 km) grid of points throughout the southwest. An extension of the local climate model of the southwestern United States (Stamm and Craig 1992) provides spatially based estimates of mean and variance of monthly temperature and precipitation. The mean is the expected value from a canonical regression using independent variables that represent controls on climate in this area, including orography. Variance is computed as the standard error of the prediction and provides site-specific measures of (1) natural sources of variation and (2) errors due to limitations of the data and poor distribution of climate stations. Simulation of monthly temperature and precipitation over a sequence of years is achieved by drawing from a bivariate normal distribution. The conditional expectation of precipitation. given temperature in each month, is the basis of a numerical integration of the normal probability distribution of log precipitation below a threshold temperature (3°C) to determine snowfall as a percent of total precipitation. Snowfall predictions are tested at stations for which long-term records are available. At Donner Memorial State Park (elevation 1811 meters) a 34-year simulation - matching the length of instrumental record - is within 15 percent of observed for mean annual snowfall. We also compute resulting snowpack using a variation of the model of Martinec et al. (1983). This allows additional tests by examining spatial patterns of predicted snowfall and snowpack and their hydrologic implications.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 165-172
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  • 4
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    A statistical model of climates in the southwestern United States (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15557 | 8 | 2014-11-06 01:01:24 | 15557
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):We describe an empirical-statistical model of climates of the southwestern United States. Boundary conditions include sea surface temperatures, atmospheric transmissivity, and topography. Independent variables are derived from the boundary conditions along 1000-km paths of atmospheric circulation. ... Predictor equations are derived over a larger region than the application area to allow for the increased range of paleoclimate. This larger region is delimited by the autocorrelation properties of climatic data.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Oceanography ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27-31
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Displacement of adsorbed functionalized polystyrene-block-butadiene copolymers by small molecules (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 588-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Adsorption ; displacement ; functionalized diblock copolymer ; ellipsometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This work deals with the displacement of end-anchored copolymers by the addition of solvent displacer. The adsorption behavior of functionalized polystyrene-block-polybutadiene diblock copolymers from dilute solution in toluene using silicon wafers as solid substrates is investigated by means of null-ellipsometry. The desorption phenomena are observed by adding displacers of low molecular weight to the mixture. The displacers used are tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone. The critical composition of the binary solvent mixture at which the desorption is complete, is determined experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655235
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of block polyampholyte micelles in monolayers at the silicon water interface (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyampholytes ; Ellipsometry ; Force microscopy ; Adsorption ; Micelles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The adsorption of the diblock polyampholyte poly (methacrylic acid)-block-poly((dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) from aqueous solution on silicon substrates was investigated as a function of polymer concentration and pH. Dynamic light scattering and electrokinetic measurements were used to characterize the polyampholyte in solution. The amount of polymer adsorbed was determined by ellipsometry and lateral structures of the polymer layer were investigated by scanning force microscopy. The amount of polymer adsorbed was found to be strongly influenced by the pH of the polymer solution, while the size of the polyampholyte micelles adsorbed on the surface was hardly affected by pH during adsorption. From investigations by scanning force microscopy well-seperated micelles were seen in the dried monolayers adsorbed directly from solution. The structures at the surface are correlated to structures in solution, and the adsorbed amount depends on the relative charge of the micelles and the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050547
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