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  • 1
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    Metabolic activity of subsurface life in deep-sea sediments (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: Global maps of sulfate and methane in marine sediments reveal two provinces of subsurface metabolic activity: a sulfate-rich open-ocean province, and an ocean-margin province where sulfate is limited to shallow sediments. Methane is produced in both regions but is abundant only in sulfate-depleted sediments. Metabolic activity is greatest in narrow zones of sulfate-reducing methane oxidation along ocean margins. The metabolic rates of subseafloor life are orders of magnitude lower than those of life on Earth's surface. Most microorganisms in subseafloor sediments are either inactive or adapted for extraordinarily low metabolic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Rutherford, Scott -- Spivack, Arthur J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2067-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Diffusion ; Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Euryarchaeota/*metabolism ; Fermentation ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Methane/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Seawater/microbiology ; Sulfates/*metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Aerobic microbial respiration in 86-million-year-old deep-sea red clay (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-19
    Description: Microbial communities can subsist at depth in marine sediments without fresh supply of organic matter for millions of years. At threshold sedimentation rates of 1 millimeter per 1000 years, the low rates of microbial community metabolism in the North Pacific Gyre allow sediments to remain oxygenated tens of meters below the sea floor. We found that the oxygen respiration rates dropped from 10 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) near the sediment-water interface to 0.001 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) at 30-meter depth within 86 million-year-old sediment. The cell-specific respiration rate decreased with depth but stabilized at around 10(-3) femtomoles of O(2) cell(-1) day(-1) 10 meters below the seafloor. This result indicated that the community size is controlled by the rate of carbon oxidation and thereby by the low available energy flux.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Hans -- Kallmeyer, Jens -- Adhikari, Rishi Ram -- Pockalny, Robert -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 18;336(6083):922-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1219424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. hans.roy@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22605778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Aluminum Silicates ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Bacterial Load ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/*microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Pacific Ocean ; Prokaryotic Cells/*metabolism/physiology ; Seawater/chemistry/microbiology ; Time ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Distributions of microbial activities in deep subseafloor sediments (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- Miller, D Jay -- Batzke, Anja -- Blake, Ruth -- Cragg, Barry A -- Cypionka, Heribert -- Dickens, Gerald R -- Ferdelman, Timothy -- Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe -- Holm, Nils G -- Mitterer, Richard -- Spivack, Arthur -- Wang, Guizhi -- Bekins, Barbara -- Engelen, Bert -- Ford, Kathryn -- Gettemy, Glen -- Rutherford, Scott D -- Sass, Henrik -- Skilbeck, C Gregory -- Aiello, Ivano W -- Guerin, Gilles -- House, Christopher H -- Inagaki, Fumio -- Meister, Patrick -- Naehr, Thomas -- Niitsuma, Sachiko -- Parkes, R John -- Schippers, Axel -- Smith, David C -- Teske, Andreas -- Wiegel, Juergen -- Padilla, Christian Naranjo -- Acosta, Juana Luz Solis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2216-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Drilling Program Leg 201 Shipboard Scientific Party, NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. dhondt@gso.uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Iron/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; Photosynthesis ; Seawater/chemistry ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. A starving majority deep beneath the seafloor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Bo Barker -- D'Hondt, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):932-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany. bjoergen@mpi-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biomass ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Radioisotopes/*metabolism ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Endospore abundance, microbial growth and necromass turnover in deep sub-seafloor sediment (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-20
    Description: Two decades of scientific ocean drilling have demonstrated widespread microbial life in deep sub-seafloor sediment, and surprisingly high microbial-cell numbers. Despite the ubiquity of life in the deep biosphere, the large community sizes and the low energy fluxes in this vast buried ecosystem are not yet understood. It is not known whether organisms of the deep biosphere are specifically adapted to extremely low energy fluxes or whether most of the observed cells are in a dormant, spore-like state. Here we apply a new approach--the D:L-amino-acid model--to quantify the distributions and turnover times of living microbial biomass, endospores and microbial necromass, as well as to determine their role in the sub-seafloor carbon budget. The approach combines sensitive analyses of unique bacterial markers (muramic acid and D-amino acids) and the bacterial endospore marker, dipicolinic acid, with racemization dynamics of stereo-isomeric amino acids. Endospores are as abundant as vegetative cells and microbial activity is extremely low, leading to microbial biomass turnover times of hundreds to thousands of years. We infer from model calculations that biomass production is sustained by organic carbon deposited from the surface photosynthetic world millions of years ago and that microbial necromass is recycled over timescales of hundreds of thousands of years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lomstein, Bente Aa -- Langerhuus, Alice T -- D'Hondt, Steven -- Jorgensen, Bo B -- Spivack, Arthur J -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 18;484(7392):101-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioscience, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. bente.lomstein@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22425999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altitude ; Amino Acids/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Aquatic Organisms/chemistry/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Archaea/chemistry/cytology/*growth & development/isolation & purification ; Bacteria/chemistry/cytology/*growth & development/isolation & purification ; Biomarkers/analysis ; *Biomass ; Carbon/metabolism ; Cell Wall/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Muramic Acids/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peru ; Photosynthesis ; Picolinic Acids/analysis ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Spores, Bacterial/chemistry/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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