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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-04-23
    Description: Vast world reserves of methane gas are underutilized as a feedstock for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals owing to the lack of economical and sustainable strategies for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol. Current processes to activate the strong C-H bond (104 kcal mol(-1)) in methane require high temperatures, are costly and inefficient, and produce waste. In nature, methanotrophic bacteria perform this reaction under ambient conditions using metalloenzymes called methane monooxygenases (MMOs). MMOs thus provide the optimal model for an efficient, environmentally sound catalyst. There are two types of MMO. Soluble MMO (sMMO) is expressed by several strains of methanotroph under copper-limited conditions and oxidizes methane with a well-characterized catalytic di-iron centre. Particulate MMO (pMMO) is an integral membrane metalloenzyme produced by all methanotrophs and is composed of three subunits, pmoA, pmoB and pmoC, arranged in a trimeric alpha(3)beta(3)gamma(3) complex. Despite 20 years of research and the availability of two crystal structures, the metal composition and location of the pMMO metal active site are not known. Here we show that pMMO activity is dependent on copper, not iron, and that the copper active site is located in the soluble domains of the pmoB subunit rather than within the membrane. Recombinant soluble fragments of pmoB (spmoB) bind copper and have propylene and methane oxidation activities. Disruption of each copper centre in spmoB by mutagenesis indicates that the active site is a dicopper centre. These findings help resolve the pMMO controversy and provide a promising new approach to developing environmentally friendly C-H oxidation catalysts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2999467/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2999467/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balasubramanian, Ramakrishnan -- Smith, Stephen M -- Rawat, Swati -- Yatsunyk, Liliya A -- Stemmler, Timothy L -- Rosenzweig, Amy C -- DK068139/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM070473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068139/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK068139-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070473-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):115-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08992. Epub 2010 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalytic Domain ; Copper/*chemistry ; Methane/*metabolism ; Methanol/chemistry ; Methylococcus capsulatus/*enzymology ; Methylosinus trichosporium/enzymology ; *Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygenases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: The class Ib ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli can initiate reduction of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides with either a Mn(III)2-tyrosyl radical (Y*) or a Fe(III)2-Y* cofactor in the NrdF subunit. Whereas Fe(III)2-Y* can self-assemble from Fe(II)2-NrdF and O2, activation of Mn(II)2-NrdF requires a reduced flavoprotein, NrdI, proposed to form the oxidant for cofactor assembly by reduction of O2. The crystal structures reported here of E. coli Mn(II)2-NrdF and Fe(II)2-NrdF reveal different coordination environments, suggesting distinct initial binding sites for the oxidants during cofactor activation. In the structures of Mn(II)2-NrdF in complex with reduced and oxidized NrdI, a continuous channel connects the NrdI flavin cofactor to the NrdF Mn(II)2 active site. Crystallographic detection of a putative peroxide in this channel supports the proposed mechanism of Mn(III)2-Y* cofactor assembly.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020666/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020666/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boal, Amie K -- Cotruvo, Joseph A Jr -- Stubbe, JoAnne -- Rosenzweig, Amy C -- GM58518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM81393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058518-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1526-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1190187. Epub 2010 Aug 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20688982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Coenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Flavin Mononucleotide/chemistry/metabolism ; Flavodoxin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Manganese/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidants/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Peroxides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: The radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzymes RlmN and Cfr methylate 23S ribosomal RNA, modifying the C2 or C8 position of adenosine 2503. The methyl groups are installed by a two-step sequence involving initial methylation of a conserved Cys residue (RlmN Cys(355)) by SAM. Methyl transfer to the substrate requires reductive cleavage of a second equivalent of SAM. Crystal structures of RlmN and RlmN with SAM show that a single molecule of SAM coordinates the [4Fe-4S] cluster. Residue Cys(355) is S-methylated and located proximal to the SAM methyl group, suggesting the SAM that is involved in the initial methyl transfer binds at the same site. Thus, RlmN accomplishes its complex reaction with structural economy, harnessing the two most important reactivities of SAM within a single site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boal, Amie K -- Grove, Tyler L -- McLaughlin, Monica I -- Yennawar, Neela H -- Booker, Squire J -- Rosenzweig, Amy C -- GM58518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM63847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM100011/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1089-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1205358. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/metabolism ; S-Adenosylmethionine/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: The bicyclic beta-lactam/2-pyrrolidine precursor to all carbapenem antibiotics is biosynthesized by attachment of a carboxymethylene unit to C5 of L-proline followed by beta-lactam ring closure. Carbapenem synthase (CarC), an Fe(II) and 2-(oxo)glutarate (Fe/2OG)-dependent oxygenase, then inverts the C5 configuration. Here we report the structure of CarC in complex with its substrate and biophysical dissection of its reaction to reveal the stereoinversion mechanism. An Fe(IV)-oxo intermediate abstracts the hydrogen (H*) from C5, and tyrosine 165, a residue not visualized in the published structures of CarC lacking bound substrate, donates H* to the opposite face of the resultant radical. The reaction oxidizes the Fe(II) cofactor to Fe(III), limiting wild-type CarC to one turnover, but substitution of the H*-donating tyrosine disables stereoinversion and confers to CarC the capacity for catalytic substrate oxidation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160820/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4160820/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Wei-chen -- Guo, Yisong -- Wang, Chen -- Butch, Susan E -- Rosenzweig, Amy C -- Boal, Amie K -- Krebs, Carsten -- Bollinger, J Martin Jr -- GM 058518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 069657/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 100011/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069657/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1140-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1248000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbapenems/*biosynthesis/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzymes/*chemistry/genetics ; Escherichia coli ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pectobacterium carotovorum/*enzymology ; Stereoisomerism ; Tyrosine/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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