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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: α-Aminoisobutyric acid ; Molecular dynamics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR-spektroskopische Zuordnung der Aib-Methylgruppen in α-helikaler und β-Turn-Umgebung mit Hilfe von selektiv deuterierter Aib. - Die Konformationen von Boc-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe in LösungBoc-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe (1a) nimmt im Kristall eine β-turn-Typ-II-ähnliche Konformation ein. Aus 13C-CP-MAS-Spektren erhält man eine magnetische Nichtäquivalenz der Aib-Cβ-Atome von 6.1 ppm. Das pro-S-Cβ-Kohlenstoff-Signal ist nach hohem Feld verschoben, wie man durch Vergleich mit den Spektren von Boc-Ala-(R)-Aib[D1]-Ala-OMe (1b) zeigen kann. Diese Zuordnung entspricht der gefundenen Tieffeldverschiebung des pro-S-Cβ-Kohlenstoffs von Aib in der Helix von Boc-[L-Glu(OBzl)]4-Aib[L-Glu(OBzl)]7-O-PEG-M (2a, in der sie mit Hilfe des (R)-Aib[D3] enthaltenen Analogons (2b) belegt wurde. Aus Moleküldynamik-Simulationen leiten wir zwei Hauptkonformationsräume für Boc-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe in Lösung ab, die die beobachtete MNE von 2.1 ppm, die Amid-Temperaturkoeffizienten, die Kopplungskonstanten und die aus ROESY-Spektren berechneten Abstände erklären.
    Notes: Boc-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe (1a) adopts in the crystal a conformation similar to a β-turn type II. From 13C-CP-MAS spectra the magnetic nonequivalence of the Aib-Cβ atoms amounts to 6.1 ppm. The pro-S-Cβ carbon signal is shifted upfield as can be shown by comparison with the spectra of Boc-Ala-(R)-Aib[D1]-Ala-OMe (1b). This assignment corresponds to a downfield shift of the Aib pro-S-Cβ carbon in the helix of Boc-[L-Glu(OBzl)]4-Aib-[L-Glu(OBzl)]7-O-PEG-M (2a), where it was established with the aid of the (R)-Aib[D3]-containing analog (2b), From molecular dynamics simulations of Boc-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe we propose two major conformational species in solution that account for the observed MNE of 2.1 ppm, the temperature gradients of the amide protons, the coupling constants, and the distances derived from ROESY spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1996 (1996), S. 1593-1597 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: SN2′ reaction ; Stereochemistry ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations of negatively charged symmetrical and unsymmetrical transition states of the SN2′ reaction indicate that due to electronic reasons and particularly Coulomb interactions the anti transition state is generally more stable than the syn transition state. The experimentally often observed syn preference results mainly from the interaction with a polar solvent and/or the gegenion, which gives rise to higher stabilization of the syn transition state than of the anti transition state.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 55 (1972), S. 893-906 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From a molecular orbital study of model systems we derive the electronic requirements for the Grob fragmentation. The necessary condition for an allowed fragmentation in an X-C1-C2-C3-N system, or the amino cation +C1-C2-C3-N is the level ordering A below S. This in turn is set by maximal through-bond coupling of the empty cation orbital and the nitrogen lone pair. The conformational dependence of through-bond coupling is exactly that derived by Grob, namely parallel orientation of the cation orbital (or the C-X bond), the C2-C3-σ-bond, and the N-lone-pair. When the C1-C2-C3 and C2-C3-N angles are small, the through-space interaction dominates, reversing the level ordering to S below A, and consequently makes the fragmentation forbidden even though the conformational requirements for it are met. Ring closure becomes allowed. Some examples exploiting this result are presented, as well as procedures for enhancing through-bond coupling and thus fragmentation. The through-bond-effect has also kinetic consequences, allowing the definition of a new type of remote neighbouring group participation operative through bonds and not by direct overlap. The position of equilibria in nitrogen inversion processes should also be influenced by remote substituents which are π-acceptors or donors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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