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  • Organic Chemistry  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 58 (1975), S. 936-967 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The scheme of ‘through-space’ and ‘through-bond’ interaction of (semi)localized orbitals, originally proposed by Hoffmann, is reexamined in terms of SCF many-electron treatments. It is shown that the two types of interaction can be characterized by examining the corresponding off-diagonal matrix elements of the Hartree-Fock matrices of the localized or the symmetry adapted localized orbitals and of the partially diagonalized Hartree-Fock matrices referring to ‘precanonical orbitals’.The procedure outlined is applied to three practical examples using the semiempirical many-electron treatments SPINDO, MINDO/2 and CNDO/2: aA reassessment of ‘through-space’ and ‘through-bond’ interaction in norbornadiene indicates, that the latter type of interaction is also of importance for the orbital based mainly on the antisymmetric combination of the localized x-orbitals. The differences in the predictions derived from the three models are critically examined.bThe competition between ‘through-space’ and ‘through-bond’ interaction in the series of bicyclic dienes from norbornadiene to bicyclo[4.2.2]-dcca-7,9-diene and in cyclohexa-1,4-diene, i. e. their dependence on the dihedral angle UI is reexamined. It is found that the rationalization for the orbital crossing near ω = 130° deduccd from PE. spectroscopic data can not be as simple as originally suggested and that the relay’ orbitals responsible for ‘through-bond interaction affecting both the symmetric and the antisymmetric combination of the π-orbitals extend over the whole CC-σ-system of the six membered ring.c‘Through-bond’ interaction of the two lone pair orbitals in 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is found to be large for their symmetric and the antisymmetric linear combination.The analysis quoted, draws attention to some of the dangers involved in using semiempirical treatments for the interpretation of PE. data in terms of Koopmans′ theorem, without due caution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 2234-2247 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the ab initio STO-3G treatment applied to simple saturated linear, branched and cyclic hydrocarbons, assuming standard geometries, yields orbital energies ∊jSTO-3G for their canonical orbital ϕj which correlate perfectly with the observed C2s ionization energies Ijm, if Koopmans' approximation is accepted.Applying the Foster-Boys localization procedure to these canonical orbitals ϕj leads to localized orbitals λμ and their corresponding Hartree-Fock matrix Fλ = (Fλ,μv). An examination of the matrix elements Fλ,μv, i.e. of the self-energies Aμ = Fλ,μμ of the localized CC- and CH-orbitals λμ and of the cross terms Fλ, μv (μ ≠ v) between them, leads to the conclusion that a satisfactory approximation should be obtained by setting Aμ = A for all μ, Fλ,μv = B if λμ and λv are vicinal and neglecting all other cross terms. The resulting model is nothing but the well-known equivalent bond orbital model of Lennard-Jones & Hall, which however can now be calibrated using the known C2s-ionization energies of hydrocarbons. Due to the discrete structure and the wider range (∽ 8 eV) of the C2s band systems in the photoelectron spectra of these molecules this leads to a more satisfactory parametrization than using the narrower and badly resolved C2p band system.Comparison of calculated band positions using the calibrated model with observed C2s-band ionization energies for a series of hydrocarbons reveals that the simple equivalent bond orbital model is better than one might have expected.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution He (Iα) and He (IIα) photoelectron spectra of cubane are reported. The assignments of the bands to different states of the cubane radical cation are made on the basis of ab initio STO-3G and MINDO/3 calculations, using geometries optimized within each treatment. The vibrational fine-structure observed supports the proposed assignment. An open shell MINDO/3 model for ground state cubane radical cation suggests that the Jahn-Teller distorted system fluctuates between twelve equivalent structures of C2v-symmetry. Localized molecular orbitals derived from the STO-3G model of cubane indicate that the major feature which discriminates this molecule with respect to other hydrocarbons is the large interaction matrix element between the opposed CC-σ-orbitals of each face.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoelectron spectra of 1,5-cyclooctadiyne (2) and of 1,6-dithiacyclodeca-3,8-diyne (3) have been recorded. The first four (2) or six (3) PE. bands have been assigned as follows; in increasing order of ionization potentials: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2:\,2{\rm b}_{{\rm 2g}} (\pi),\,6{\rm b}_{{\rm 1u}} (\pi),\,7{\rm a}_{\rm g} (\pi),\,2{\rm b}_{{\rm 3u}} (\pi) $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 3:\,14{\rm a}_{\rm g} ({\rm n}),\,9{\rm a}_{\rm u} (\pi),\,13{\rm b}_{\rm u} ({\rm n}),\,12{\rm b}_{\rm u} (\pi),\,8{\rm b}_{\rm g} (\pi),\,13{\rm a}_{\rm g} (\pi) $$\end{document}The relative sequence and the positions of the PE. bands are explained in terms of through-bond and through-space interactions between the basis π-orbitals and σ-orbitals of appropriate symmetry behaviour.An analysis of the PE. spectroscopic data for cyclooctyne (1) and for (2) indicates that a cis-bend of the acetylene moiety by θ 〈 20° leads to a split in energy of the in-plane and out-of-plane basis π-orbitals which is smaller than ∽ 0.2 eV. This is in agreement with the predictions derived from semiempirical models (MINDO/2, SPINDO) and qualitative orbital arguments. However, it is shown by using orbital localization procedures, that the rationales underlying the two semiempirical models differ significantly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The near degeneracy of the two lowest ionization energies of Dewar benzene can be understood in terms of closely competitive ‘through-bond’ and ‘through-space’ interaction. Empirical, semiempirical, and open-shell ab initio procedures converge to require mutually consistent symmetry assignments.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The question of the classical or non-classical nature of aryl-substituted azonium cations as well as of the pyridazinium cation has been settled by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in favour of the classical structure. The relative magnitude of the observed N1s binding energies is reasonably well reproduced on the basis of the theoretically calculated charge structure of these ions. The relative magnitude of the crucial intramolecular potential terms, appearing in the theoretical treatment, is also suggested from PMR.-investigations on protonated azo-compounds. The electronic structure of these species is compared with that implied by commonly accepted classical valence structures and parallels to carbo-cations are drawn. MINDO/2 calculations of the proton affinities of azo-compounds, considering structurally different conjugate acids, also support a classical azonium cation structure. The gas phase basicity of azobenzene is predicted to be higher than that of azomethane.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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