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  • 1
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 1021-1030 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ionic and Homolytic Dediazoniation of Arene Diazonium Salts: A Case of Wave-Length-Dependent PhotoreactionsThe photolysis of p-substituted benzene diazonium tetrafluoroborates in methanol or ethanol/acetonitril at 313 nm (excitation of the aryldiazonium compounds) yields the products of the ionic pathway of dediazoniation (ArOR, ArF) in higher amounts than could be anticipated according to the relation ΔG*=E1/2Ox(Donor) - E1/2Red(ArN2+) - Ehv, which is valid for electron transfer processes.At wavelengths 〉 330 nm or in the presence of pyrene as electron donor, which also absorbs at 313 nm reduction products (the respective aromatic hydrocarbons) are predominantly formed. The results are discussed according to the rules of SALEM et al. It comes out, that the photochemical dediazoniation of arene diazonium salts probably starts from the vibrational excited ground state and therefore yields in some cases similar product relations as the thermolysis. The excitation of a higher wavelengths absorbing charge transfer states between arene diazonium salts and electron donors on the other hand gives rise to electron transfer and therefore to homolytic dediazoniation yielding the reduction products.
    Notes: Die Photolyse von p-substituierten Benzoldiazonium-tetrafluoroboraten in Methanol bzw. Äthanol/Acetonitril liefert bei Einstrahlung in die Absorptionsmaxima der Diazoniumsalze (313 nm) höhere Mengen an ionisch entstandenen Dediazonierungsprodukten (ArOR und ArF), als nach der für Elektronenübertragungen gültigen Beziehung ΔG*=E1/2Ox(Donor) - E1/2Red(ArN2+) - Ehv erwartet wird. Bei Wellenlängen 〉 330 nm oder in Gegenwart des auch bei 313 nm absorbierenden Donors Pyren werden dagegen überwiegend Reduktionsprodukte (die entsprechenden aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe) gebildet. Die Verhältnisse werden an Hand der von Salem u.a. entwickelten Symmetrievorstellungen erörtert. Es ergibt sich, daß die photochemische Dediazonierung von Aryldiazoniumsalzen wahrscheinlich aus dem schwingungsangeregten Grundzustand heraus erfolgt und demzufolge in einigen Fällen ähnliche Produktverhältnisse liefert wie die Thermolyse.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 947-954 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Properties and Thermal Reactions from Complexes of Arene Diazonium Salts with Crown EthersIn contrast to 18-crown-6, the substituted crown ethers Benzo-18-crown-6, Dibenzo-18-crown-6, and Naphtho-18-crown-6 form in solution complexes with p-CH3—C6H4—N2+BF4-characterized by a broad charge transfer absorption up to 550 nm. The formation constants lg Kc are 2,32 2,16 and 1,44 for Benzo-, Dibenzo-, and Naphtho-18-crown-6, respectively. Formation enthalpy ΔH = -7,5 kJ/mol and entropy ΔS = +18 J/K mol are measured in the case of p-Cl—C6H4—N2+BF4- and Dibenzo-18-crown-6 (20°). Kc depends on substituents in the arene ring of the diazonium salt; ϱ = +0,8. Thermal dediazoniation in the presence of Crown ethers results in high yields of the corresponding arene. This is explained by a fast radical chain reaction between the diazonium salt and the polyether (Meerwein-Reduction).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 399-410 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Arenediazonium Cations and AnionsAnions X⊖ can act as donors in electron transfer reactions to photoexcited arenediazonium ions. The yield of the arene formed in this reaction increases with decreasing electrochemical oxidation potential EoxD of X⊖ (X⊖ = BPh4⊖, Br⊖, HOOC—COO⊖, Cl⊖, BF4⊖). The oxidized donor X· (Cl·, ·COO⊖) and aryl radicals Ar· benig intermediates of the reductive dediazoniation of ArN2⊖ can be detected by spin trapping with nitrosodurene (ND) and phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). A solvent effect in the electron transfer reaction is interpreted in terms of ion pairing, where the electron transfer is favored by preorientation and a short distance between the electron donor and the acceptor previous to excitation of ArN2⊖ by light.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 411-421 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent Effects in the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction of Uncharged Donors with Arenediazonium SaltsIn the photochemical electron transfer reactions to arene diazonium salts no strong Coulomb forces arise but the rate constants possibly vary in dependence on the state of the diazonium salt (tight ion pair in nonpolar solvents or free diazonium cations). This problem is studied in the present work using anthracene and tetracene, respectively, as electron donors. They react in their S1 states diffusion-controlled with ion pairs ArN2⊖ BF4⊖, whereas the respective triplet reactions proceed up to 103 times more slowly. These rates are not significantly influenced by the dielectric properties of the solvent. Thus, ion pairing of the diazonium salts in solvents of low polarity has no screening effect on the electron transfer.This behavior is explained including electrostatic effects into the MARCUS theory of outer sphere electron transfer processes. No indication of a Marcus inverted region was found.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 312 (1970), S. 669-682 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Acylierung von s-Triazolyl-amidinen 1 führt zu N-[1,2,4-Triazolyl-(4)]-N′-carbalkoxy-amidinen 2, die durch Kochen in Äthylglykol oder Phenol zu s-Triazolo[3,4-f]as-triazinonen-(8) 3 cyclisieren. Die analoge Umsetzung der Verbindungen 1 mit Orthocarbonsäureestern ergibt unter direktem Ringschluß ohne Bildung isolierbarer offenkettiger Acylierungs-produkte die s-Triazolo[3,4-f]as-triazine 5. 6,8-Disubstituierte s-Triazolo[3,4-f]as-triazine sind auch durch Umsetzung von 4-Arylidenamino-1,2,4-triazolen mit Natriumamid zugänglich. Durch Hydrogenolyse dieser Verbindungen entstehen Imidazole. Die Quaternierung und anschließende Hydrolyse liefert bisher unbekannte 6-substituierte 1,2,4-Triazine.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 579-586 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ion Pair-Effects in the Photolysis and Thermolysis of Arenediazonium TetrafluoroboratesFluoroarenes produced by Schiemann-reaction of p-methyl- and p-tert.-butyl-benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates in solution are formed mainly from ArN2+/BF4--ion pairs. The ratio of product yields formed from the reaction of arene cations with the solvent to the yields of fluoroarenes increases with increasing KD/α; KD is the conductometrically determined dissociation constant, and α the dissociation degree of ion pairs. The photochemical and thermal dediazoniation gives the same product ratios, indicating, that both sorts of reactions proceed via the same intermediate  -  the arene cation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 324 (1982), S. 145-148 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Properties of a Crown Ether-Diazonium Salt
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Reactions of Arenediazonium Ions Complexed with Crown EthersThe photolysis (full light of a medium pressure Hg-lamp) of p-methylbenzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate in the presence of the crown ether 18-crown-6 (1) yields mainly the products of a heterolytic dediazoniation via arene cations as intermediates. The quantum yield ϕges of the photolysis from p-methoxybenzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborat in CH2Cl2 decreases in the presence of 18- crowns-6 (1) from 0.66 to 0.08. In contrast to 1, the photolysis of arenediazonium salts in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (3) yields mainly the products of a homolytic dediazoniation as a consequence of an electron transfer from 3 to the diazonium ion. ϕges of this reaction increases with decreasing wavelength of the exciting light from 0.09 (436 nm) to 0.32 (366 nm). this wavelength dependence is explained by formation of a correlated radical pair after excitation. In agreement with this situation a photo-CIDNP-effect is observed in the 15N-n.m.r.-spectra of isotopically labeled arenediazonium salts complexed by 3 and benzo-18-crown-6(2). No photo-CIDNP-effect is observed in the presence of 1. This different behaviour of the EDA-complexes formed by arenediazonium salts with the two different groups of crown ethers 1 and 2, 3 is discussed as a control of the electron transfer-reaction by the structure of the frontier orbitals.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kinetics and Mechanism of Aryldiazonium Salt Photolysis in Methanol. Determination of Absolute Rate Constants of Some Reaction StepsFor benzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate and some p-substituted derivatives, the following values are determined: velocity constants for the photochemical electron transfer from pyrene and benzanthracene to aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile solution (determination by quenching the donor fluorescence).velocity constants for electron transfer under the condition of pulse radiolysis in tert.-butanol-water solution;quantum yields and product composition (ArOMe, ArF and ArH, respectively) for the photolyses in methanol in the presence of varying concentrations of 2-methyl-2-nitroso-propane as a quencher of the thermal chain reaction.The electron transfer reaction comes out be a diffusion controlled reaction, kE = 2 … 3 × 1010 M-1 s-1.For the total reaction a kinetic model is set up which affords absolute velocity constants from the experimental results for the following steps:Hydrogen transfer within the case radical pair \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline {{\rm Ar} - {\rm N} = {\rm N}{\rm . CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm OH}{\rm .}} {\rm }^ \oplus $\end{document} (formation of ArH) kH ≈ 1011 s-1;Maximal values for the photo-solvolyses (formation of Ar⊕ → ArOMe and ArF, respectively), ks ≲ 10-1;Trapping of aryl radicals outside of the solvent cage by t-BuNO, kq ≈ 2 × 107 M-1 s-1.The results are discussed in the light of the kinetic model and some other facts.
    Notes: Für Benzoldiazonium-tetrafluoroborat und eine Anzahl p-substituierter Derivate werden ermittelt: Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der photochemischen Elektronenübertragung von Pyren bzw. Benzanthracen auf das Diazoniumsalz in Acetonitril (Bestimmung durch Löschung der Fluoreszenz des Elektronendonors);Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Elektronenanlagerung unter den Bedingungen der Pulsradiolyse in tert-Butanol/Wasser;Quantenausbeuten und Produktzusammensetzung (ArOMe, ArF bzw. ArH) bei der Photolyse in Methanol in Gegenwart verschiedener Konzentrationen an 2-Methyl-2-nitrosopropan zur Inhibierung der nachfolgenden thermischen Kettenreaktion.Die Elektronenübertragung bzw. -Anlagerung ist diffusionskontrolliert, kE = 2 …; 3 × 1010 l/mol · s.Für den Gesamtverlauf wird ein kinetisches Modell aufgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe aus den Meßdaten absolute Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für folgende Teilreaktionen erhältlich sind:H-Übertragung innerhalb des Käfig-Radikalpaares \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline {{\rm Ar} - {\rm N} = {\rm N}{\rm . CH}_{\rm 3} {\rm OH}{\rm .}} {\rm }^ \oplus $\end{document} (Bildung von ArH), kH ≈ 1011 s-1;Maximalwerte für die Photosolvolyse (Bildung von Ar⊕ → ArOMe bzw. ArF), ks ≲ 1011 s-1;Abfang der Arylradikale außerhalb des Lösungsmittelkäfigs durch t-BuNO, kq ≈ 2 × 107 l/mol· s.Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit dem aufgestellten kinetischen Modell und weiteren Befunden diskutiert.
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