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  • 1
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: azelastine ; flezelastine ; fractional crystallization ; antiallergic/antiasthmatic ; chiral discrimination ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The racemic phthalazinone derivatives azelastine and flezelastine were resolved via formation of diastereomeric salts and fractional crystallization thereof. The optical purity of the enantiomers was checked by HPLC. Pharmacological investigations in vitro and in vivo related to antiallergic/antiasthmatic activity revealed some stereospecific differences. However, chiral discrimination could not be observed with regard to overall activity of azelastine and flezelastine. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copper(II)-Chloride Catalyzed ‘Carbene Dimerization’ of 1-Halogeno-1-lithiocyclopropanes: A Simple Access to Bi(cyclopropylidenes)A series of 13 bi(cyclopropylidenes) 11 are prepared in a simple one-pot reaction by halogeno-lithio exchange between 1,1-dibromocyclopropanes 1a-n and BuLi, in most cases at -95°, to give 1-bromo-1-lithiocyclopropanes 2a-n, followed by treatment with CuCl2 at low temperature and a simple workup at room temperature (Scheme 3c and Table 1). The yields of bi(cyclopropylidenes) 11 strongly depend on reaction parameters, as explicitly shown for the conversion 1f →→ 11f (Tables 2-8). Mixed couplings between two different carbenoids are possible (Scheme 4), while diastereoselectivity of the active transition-metal complex seems to be low. The structures of bi(cyclopropylidenes) 11 are confirmed by spectroscopic data as well as by X-ray analysis of an isolated crystalline diastereoisomer of 11k (Fig. 1).
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of 1-Halogeno-1-lithiocyclopropanes with CuCl2: Competition between ‘Carbene Dimerization’ and Oxidative CouplingThe 1-chloro-1-lithiocyclopropanes 2a-d react at low temperature with CuCl2 to give diastereoisomeric mixtures of oxidative-coupling products 5a-d and of ‘carbene dimers’ 6a-d. The relative amount of 5a-d increases with CuCl2 concentration and reaction time. Diastereoselectivity of the reaction seems to be low, and separation as well as spectroscopic structure assignment of single diastereoselectivity of the reaction seems to be low, and separation as well as spectroscopic structure assignment of single diastereoisomers are difficult. The conformational behavior of 1,1′-dichloro-1,1′-bi(cyclopropyls) 5c and 5d is discussed. Contrary to 2a-d, 1-bromo-1-lithiocyclopropanes normally react with CuCl2 to give ‘carbene dimers’ 6 and no coupling products 5. So far the only exception is 1-bromo-1-lithio-2-phenylcyclopropane 2e which in the presence of CuCl2 gives some percents of coupling products 5e besides carbene dimers 6b as main products. An X-ray structure analysis of the predominant diastereoisomer 5e was performed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, 13C-NMR Spectra, and X-Ray Investigation of ‘Push-Pull’ DiacetylenesPhenyl-substituted ‘push-pull’ diacetylenes 1f and 1g have been prepared by acetylation and benzoylation of the appropriate lithiodiynylamines 4 (Scheme 2). 13C-NMR spectra of diacetylenes 1a-g (Table 1) are discussed with respect to the expected polarisation of the diacetylene unit by ‘push’ and ‘pull’ substituents. X-Ray investigations of 1c, 1e, and 1f have been performed in view of the planned solid-state polymerisation of ‘push-pull’ diacetylenes. In the crystalline state, diacetylenes 1c and 1f are stacked, however, the stacking parameters do not allow a solid-state polymerisation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 2089-2110 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Pyrolysis of a Triafulvene PrecursorIn view of retro-Diels-Alder reactions (RDA reactions), the triafulvene precursor 3 has been prepared in a simple three-step synthesis by dibromocarbene addition at dibenzo-barrelene (11→12; 44%), halogen-Li exchange followed by methylation (12→14, 100%) and HBr elimination (14→3, 62%) (Scheme 3). Reactivity of the so far unknown bridged 1,1-dibromocyclopropane 12 has been explored, including reductions, allylic rearrangements, and ‘carbene dimerizations’ (Scheme 4). First experiments with respect to the thermal behavior of 3 show that RDA reaction, although occurring in most cases, is not the predominant pathway. When 3 is heated in a sealed tube without solvent, two dimers 26 and 27 are isolated in a total yield of 55% (Scheme 6). On the other hand, gas-phase pyrolysis of 3 at 400° mainly produces rearranged 28 (56%; Scheme 7). It is assumed that bridged trimethylenemethane 29 is an essential intermediate in thermal rearrangements of 3 (Scheme 8).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular structure of a chlorophyll a catabolite isolated from the culture medium of bleached Chlorella protothecoides cells has been determined by X-ray diffraction; the crystal structure shows a distorted helical arrangement of the pyrrole rings and consists of symmetrical dimers located at a crystallographic diad, which are stabilized by six intermolecular H-bonds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 1916-1927 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imidazoles and 1-Imidazolamines from α-Acylamino Ketimines and α-Acylamino HydrazonesCyclization of α-acylamino ketimines or α-acylamino hydrazones 7 with PCI5, POCI3 or PPh3/C2CI6/NEt311) yields imidazoles 8, which carry an alkyl(aryl), dialkylamino, arylamino, phthalimido or phenylsulfonylamino substituent in position 1. The starting compounds 7 are easily derived from α-amino acids via α-acylamino ketones 6.
    Notes: Cyclisierung von α-Acylaminoketiminen oder α-Acylaminohydrazonen 7 mit PCI5, POCI3 oder PPh3/C2Cl6/NEt311) ergibt Imidazole 8, die in 1-Stellung einen Alkyl(Aryl)-, Dialkylamino-, Arylamino-, Phthalimido- oder Phenylsulfonylamino-Substituenten tragen. Die Ausgangsverbindungen 7 sind aus α-Aminosäuren über α-Acylaminoketone 6 leicht zugänglich.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of New Biladiene-a,c Derivatives and Their Cyclization to Uroporphyrin 111,12-Decarboxyuroporphyrin 111 and Phyriaporphyrin 111 Methyl Esters 1)Fifteen different new biladiene-a,c derivatives related to the biologically interesting uroporphyrin 111, 12-decarboxyurophorphyrin III and phyriaporphyrin 111 have been synthesized by conventional methods. The key intermediates for the synthesis were the dipyrrylmethane derivatives 3a, and 3a2 as well as 3b2. Since either the benzyl or the tert-butyl ester groups linked to the a-positions of 3al and 3a2 can be selectively cleaved without affecting the methyl ester groups in the side chains, stepwise synthesis of fully unsymmetrically substituted biladiene-a,c derivatives is possible by successive condensation of the corresponding a- unsubstituted dipyrrylmethanes 3c1 and 3C2 and tripyrrenes 5a and 5 b with appropriate pyrrolaldehydes. In contrast to derivatives bearing alkyl groups as well as hydrogen or iodine atoms at the positions C-1 and C-19, which were handled as crystalline dihydrobromides, the corresponding free bases of biladiene-a,c-1,19-dicarboxylates - which occur as bilatrienes were isolated and purified by chromatography. The structures of the products obtained have been established on the basis of analytical, particularly spectroscopic data. Biladiene-a,c dihydrobromides 6a-6e were transformed by known methods into the corresponding porphyrins, which were identified with samples prepared by other authors.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe herkömmlicher Methoden sind fünfzehn Biladien-a,c-Derivate dargestellt worden, deren Substitutionsmuster denjenigen des vom biologischen Standpunkt aus interessanten Uroporphyrins 111, 12-Descarboxyuroporphyrins 111 oder Phyriaporphyrins 111 entsprechen. Die Schlüsselverbindungen für die durchgeführten Synthesen stellen die Dipyrrylmethanderivate 3a1 und 3a2 sowie 3b2 dar. Ein besonderer Vorzug der Dipyrrylmethane 3a1 und 3a2 besteht darin, daß die α-ständigen Benzyl- und tert-Butylestergruppen jeweils selektiv und unter Erhaltung der Methylestergruppen an den Seitenketten gespalten werden können. Dadurch ist die Synthese völlig unsymmetrisch substituierter Biladien-a,c-Derivate durch sukzessive Reaktion der entsprechenden a-unsubstituierten Dipyrrylmethane 3c1 und 3C2 und der Tripyrrene 5a und 5b mit geeigneten Pyrrolaldehyden möglich. Biladien-a,c-1,19-dicarbonsäureester wurden im Gegensatz zu entsprechenden Derivaten mit Alkylgruppen sowie Wasserstoff- oder Jodatomen an den Positionen C-1 und C-19, die stets als kristalline Dihydrobromide gehandhabt wurden, in die entsprechenden freien Basen, die als Bilatriene zu formulieren sind, übergeführt und als solche chromatographisch gereinigt. Die Konstitutionen der dargestellten Produkte konnten aufgrund analytischer - insbesondere spektroskopischer - Daten nachgewiesen werden. Die Derivate 6a-6e wurden mit Hilfe bekannter Methoden in die entsprechenden Porphyrine übergeführt, die mit von anderen Autoren erhaltenen Präparaten identifiziert wurden.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1978 (1978), S. 580-584 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 18-Hydroxyestrone form 3-Hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatrien-20-oneThe synthesis of 3,18-Dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-on (18-Hydroxyöstron, 8) from 3-hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatriene-20-one (1a) is described.
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese von 3,18-Dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-on (18-Hydroxyöstron, 8 aus 3-Hydroxy-19-nor-1,3,5(10)-pregnatrien-20-on (1a) beschrieben.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Total Chemical Synthesis of Biogenetically Important BilanesA series of bilanes related to uroporphyrinogen III or to 12-decarboxyuroporphyrinogen III has been prepared for the first time by catalytical hydrogenation of the corresponding biladiene-a,c derivatives. Some of the compounds described are, according to the mechanism proposed by A. I. Scott for the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into the vitamin B12 chromophore, possible biological precursors of the latter. The substitution pattern of the bilane 5 corresponds to that of the most probable intermediate formed during the transformation of porphobilinogen into uropophyrinogen III.
    Notes: Bilane, deren Substitutionsmuster demjenigen des Uroporphyrinogens III oder des 12-Descarboxyuroporphyrinogens III entsprechen, sind durch katalytische Hydrierung der entsprechenden Biladien-a, c-Derivate erstmalig dargestellt worden. Einige der beschriebenen Verbindungen sind von A. I. Scott als potentielle Biogenese-Vorläufer des Vitamin B12-Chromophors postuliert worden. Die Reihenfolge der Substituenten an den β-Positionen der Pyrrolringe von 5 entspricht derjenigen des Bilans, das mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit bei der Biosynthese des Uroporphyrinogens III aus Porphobilinogen intermediär gebildet wird.
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