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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 311-317 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin stabilizers ; Dibutyltin ; PVC ; Polymers ; Gamma irradiation ; Degradation ; Dealkylation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organotin stabilizers of the type Bu2SnX2 (X = SCH2CO2C8H17 or O2CCH=CHCO2C8H17) present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation in the range 1-200 kGy (0.1-20 Mrad) are shown to suffer degradation with dealkylation to form monobutyltin trichloride and tin(IV) chloride, which have been characterized by a subsequent alkylation procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The extent of degradation of the stabilizers on prolonged gamma irradiation is much more severe than during thermal degradation leading to comparable blackening of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Mössbauer ; Dibutyltin dichloride ; PVC ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Variable-temperature Sn-119m Mössbauer studies of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) and dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2) when dispersed in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix have been interpreted using a Debye model. Recoilless fractions have been determined which indicate that at 80 K the Mössbauer technique is nearly three times as sensitive to the presence of SnCl4 compared with Bu2SnCl2 within the poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. These observations have been explained in terms of structural changes occurring on dispersion in the polymer matrix which result in the tin atom in tin(IV) chloride becoming six-coordinate whereas that in dibutyltin dichloride reduces its coordination to five. The implications of these results for future applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy to the study of organotin compounds present in polymers are considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 393-401 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Tributyltin elastomers ; curing process ; chemical changes ; 119mSn Mössbauer spectra ; 119Sn NMR spectra ; carbon black ; neoprene ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of tributyltin toxicants on incorporation into cured neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that all of the toxicants undergo chemical change during the curing process, being converted into tributyltin chloride, together with (in some cases) tributyltin stearate and a small amount of dibutyltin distearate. Possible interactions between the organotin agents and other components of the elastomer, e.g. carbon black filler, and cure accelerators such as tetramethylthiuram disulphide, have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 3 (1989), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triphenyltin ; neoprene ; elastomer ; Mössbauer ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of triphenyltin biocides on incorporation into neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that triphenyltin compounds undergo drastic degradation on incorporation into neoprene, suffering cleavage of phenyl-tin bonds to give a mixture of products in which all stages of dephenylation are present, including stannic chloride. This degradation occurs not only in elastomers cured at 150°C, but also in room temperature solvent-cast samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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