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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Amino acids, lipidic ; Antibiotics ; Drug delivery ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lipidic and glyco-lipidic cephalosporin conjugates 1c and 1i were synthesised as diastereomeric mixtures to improve their oral absorption. 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)tetradecanoic acid was condensed with thiazole 1d and by following basecatalysed hydrolysis of the fully protected rac-1e, the free acid rac-1f was produced. This was then used to acylate the carboxy-protected cephalosporin analog 1g by using a modified Vilsmeier reaction. Removal of the protecting groups of 1b resulted in conjugate 1c. Cephalosporin conjugate li, which contains a sugar moiety in addition to a lipidic amino acid residue, was synthesised to produce a drug conjugate with both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties [radiolabelled (14C) analogs 1a, 1c and 1i were also synthesised]. The radio-labelled parent 1a and conjugates 1c and 1i were administered orally to rats and uptake of the radiolabel in the blood, various organs, urine and faeces was determined. The results showed that an increase in lipophilicity caused an increase in the oral uptake, suggesting that conjugation to lipidic amino acids and peptides is a useful approach to the improvement of the absorption of poorly absorbed drugs.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. iii 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Amino acids, fatty ; Peptides, lipidic ; Drug delivery ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The α-amino acids with long alkyl side chains, the so-called lipidic amino acids 1a-e, and their homo-oligomers, the lipidic peptides 1p-aj, represent a class of compounds which combine the structural properties of peptides and proteins with the characteristics of lipids and membranes. The amino acids were synthesised from the appropriate alkyl bromide and diethyl acetamidomalonate. Resolution was made chemically, by forming diastereomers of the amino acid esters with an optically pure α-pinene derivative. The protected homooligomers were synthesised in solution with the assistance of a water-soluble carbodiimide coupling agent. In order to modify the physical and chemical properties of the peptides, a series of protected hetero-oligomers were prepared, by similar methods, incorporating either other amino acids (3a - d, 7a - i) or side-chain-substituted lipidic amino acids (6a-d).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 17 (1993), S. 659-667 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: We present solutions for the effective stress induced by gas flow through a porous solid into a borehole resulting from sudden pressure reduction. Tensile effective stress that exceeds the strength of the solid will lead to borehole failure. This has applications to the intentional creation of cavities, relevant to the efficient recovery of coalbed methane, and the avoidance of borehole stability problems in conventional gas production.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Advection-diffusion equation ; Advective-diffusive systems ; Artificial-diffusion ; Compressible flows ; Discontinuous Galerkin method ; Entropy Error analysis ; Euler equations ; Finite elements ; Galerkin method ; Hyperbolic systems ; Incompressible flow ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Petrov-Galerkin method ; Space-time formulation ; Upwind methods ; Weighted residual methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: SUPG methods were originally developed for the scalar advection-diffusion equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the last few years successful extensions have been made to symmetric advective-diffusive systems and, in particular, the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. New procedures have been introduced to improve resolution of discontinuities and thin layers. In this paper a brief overview is presented of recent progress in the development and understanding of SUPG methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 21 (1995), S. 877-884 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: ONERA M6 wing ; parallel computing ; viscous flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We examine the solution of a practical engineering problem on a parallel computer. The problem involves the steady laminar viscous flow about an ONERA M6 wing and the computer is a 64-processing-node Connection Machine CM-5E. We show that efficient domain decomposition procedures lead to a balanced load on the processors and low communication times. The net result is that solutions can be attained in roughly 20 min elapsed time for a 48,011-node, 266,566-element unstructured mesh. We conclude that this is sufficiently fast to support the design process.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 845-852 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An accurate reduction scheme for structural eigenvalue problems is deduced from a variational theorem in which the displacement, velocity and/or momentum fields are taken to be independent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1529-1543 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and efficient finite element is introduced for plate bending applications. Bilinear displacement and rotation functions are employed in conjunction with selective reduced integration. Numerical examples indicate that, despite its simplicity, the element is surprisingly accurate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1413-1418 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element procedure is introduced for the analysis of nearly-incompressible media. The approach may be simply implemented by a small change of the standard technique, and is applicable to arbitrary anisotropic and/or nonlinear media. The procedure is shown to specialize to the selective integration and mean-dilatation formulations under appropriate hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 163-168 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A fully discrete stability and accuracy analysis of some algorithms for the one-dimensional heat equation is presented. Results illustrate that 2-pass explicit schemes which simultaneously employ lumped and coupled capacity matrices are capable of improved performance over the standard 1-pass explicit scheme.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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