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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and intermolecular hetero Diels-Alder Reactions. XIX. Stereoselective synthesis of five- and seven-membered annulated ring systems by intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder Reaction (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1988 (1988), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Intra- und intermolekulare hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen, XIX. - Stereoselektive Synthese von fünf- und siebengliedrigen anellierten Ringsystemen durch intramolekulare hetero-Diels-Alder-ReaktionDie intramolekulare hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion der Benzyliden-und (Pyrrolylmethylen)pyrazolone 8 und 12, die durch Knoevenagel-Kondensation von 7 mit den Aldehyden 6 und 11 erhalten werden, führt stereoselektiv mit hohen Ausbeuten zu den cis-anellierten Heterocyclen 13 und 15.
    Notes: The intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction of the benzylidene- and (pyrrolylmethylene)pyrazolones 8 and 12, which have been obtained by Knoevenagel condensation of 7 with the aldehydes 6 and 11, respectively, proceeds stereoselectively to give the cis-fused heterocycles 13 and 15 in high yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198819880103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemistry of tissue distribution of racemic propranolol in the dog (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 1 (1989), S. 192-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: propranolol enantiomers ; enantiomers ; propranolol ; β-receptor-blocking drugs ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Only limited information is available on the stereochemistry of the in vivo distribution of β-receptor-blocking drugs. In this study we determined the levels of the propranolol enantiomers in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and central nervous system (CNS), and peripheral tissues in the dog following an intravenous dose of a deuterium-labeled pseudoracemate. The appearance of the propranolol enantiomers in the CSF was rapid and nonstereoselective, with maximum concentrations reached at 15 min after dosing. The levels of the enantiomers in both CSF and plasma then declined in a parallel biphasic fashion, with a terminal t1/2 of about 125 min. Except for an early high CSF/plasma concentration ratio of 0.35, the CSF propranolol levels corresponded to the unbound concentration in plasma, CSF/plasma 0.20. All areas of the brain showed a similar uptake of propranolol, with a tissue concentration exceeding that in plasma about 10-fold during the terminal phase of elimination. The uptake of propranolol by peripheral tissues varied widely, ranging from a 50-fold accumulation by the lungs compared to plasma to no accumulation by adipose tissue. However, as for the CSF, there was no evidence of stereoselective uptake of propranolol by any CNS or peripheral tissue except for the liver. A significantly higher level of (+)- vs. (-)-propranolol in liver tissue presumably was a reflection of stereoselective hepatic metabolism of (-)-propranolol by this tissue. The slight stereoselectivity in plasma binding of propranolol known to exist in the dog had no significant influence on tissue or CSF distribution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530010303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective sulfation of terbutaline by the rat liver cytosol: evaluation of experimental approaches (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 1 (1989), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: stereoselective metabolism ; sulfate conjugation ; in vitro sulfation ; sympathomimetic amines ; chiral separation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Little is known about the stereochemistry of sulfation of chiral phenolic drugs. In this study we examined several in vitro approaches to this question, using (+)-, (-)-, or (±)-terbutaline as the substrate and the rat liver cytosol as the phenolsulfotransferase enzyme source. The cosubstrate PAPS was either generated by the cytosol from inorganic sulfate and ATP or added to the cytosol. The intact sulfate conjugates formed were determined by HPLC. Using the PAPS generating system, which is best suited for the production of relatively large quantities of sulfate conjugates, with the individual enantiomers as substrates, (+)-terbutaline was conjugated to a much greater extent than (-)-terbutaline; the (+)/(-)-enantiomer ratio was 7.3 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE). When (±)-terbutaline was the substrate and chiral derivatization was employed to separate the sulfate enantiomers formed, a similar (+)/(-)-enantiomer ratio of 7.9 ± 0.2 was obtained. With PAP35S added to the cytosol, an approach best suited for kinetic studies, the substrate concentration dependence of sulfation could be determined. The Km app for this reaction was identical for (+)- and (-)-terbutaline. However, the Vmax app was 8.1 ± 0.4 times greater for (+)-terbutaline. This study for the first time shows enantioselectivity in sulfation of a chiral phenolic drug. The experimental approaches used should be valuable for human studies of stereoselectiven sulfation of terbutaline and other chiral drugs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530010205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Radical Cation of Cyclobutene and its Photoproduct. Preliminary communication (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 1069-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hitherto unknown radical cation of cyclobutene (2) has been generated in a CFCl3 matrix by γ rays at 77 K. The coupling constants, as determined from the ESR spectrum of 2+, are 2.80 and 1.11 mT for the four CH2 and the two CH = protons, respectively. Photo-induced ring opening of 2+ yields a radical cation which exhibits the same ESR and ENDOR spectra as those observed upon direct ionization of s-trans-buta-1, 3-diene (s-trans-1). The radical cation s-trans-1+, should, therefore, be the final product of this conversion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710519
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands. Part XXVIIPart XXVI. Cu2+-promoted hydrolysis of carboxylic- and phosphonic-acid esters in the side chain of tetraazamacrocycles (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 72 (1989), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The X-ray structures of the Cu2+ complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane derivatives with an ethylpro-pionate and diethylphosphonate group, 5 and 6, respectively, indicate that the metal ion is pentacoordinated by the four N-atoms of the macrocycle and one O-atom. In the case of 5, it is the carbonyl O-atom of the carboxylate group, whereas for 6 it is the phosphonyl O-atom of the phosphonate group. The hydrolysis kinetics of the functional group in the Cu2+ complexes with the 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanes 3-6 have been measured by pH-stat and stopped-flow techniques. The rate law for the hydrolysis of the carboxylates 3-5 is proportional to the complex concentration and to [OH-] up to pH 13, whereas that of the phosphonate 6 is proportional to [OH-] up to pH 11.5, becoming independent of [OH-] at pH 〉 11.5. The mechanisms of these two reactions are discussed, considering the possibility of an intra- or an intermolecular OH- attack and the results of the X-ray structure analyses.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19890720117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal complexes of macrocyclic ligands. Part XXIIIPart XXII: [1].. Synthesis, properties, and structures of mononuclear complexes with 12- and 14-membered tetraazamacrocycle-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic Acids (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 2067-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two tetraazamacrocycle-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acids H4dota and H4teta form with Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ (M2+) mononuclear complexes MLH2 and M′[ML], M′ being an alkaline earth ion. The structures of Ni(H2dota) and Cu(H2dota) have been solved by X-ray structure analysis. The metal ions are in a distorted octahedral geometry coordinated by four amino N-atoms and two carboxylates. In the case of Cu2+, the distortions are more pronounced than for Ni2+ indicating that the Jahn-Teller effect is operating. Starting from these two structures, the coordination geometry of the other complexes is discussed using VIS and IR spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19860690830
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the Complexation of Open-Chain and Cyclic N2S2 Ligands with Cu+ and Cu2+ (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 1216-1223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexation properties of the open-chain N2S2 ligands 1-4 are described and compared to those of analogous N2S2 macrocycles 5-7. With Cu2+, the open-chain ligands give complexes with the stoichiometry CuL2+ and CuLOH+, the stabilities and absorption spectra of which have been determined. The ligand field exerted by these ligands is relatively constant and independent of the length of the chain. With Cu+, the species CuLH23+, CuLH2+, and CuL+ were identified and their stabilities measured. The redox potentials calculated from the equilibrium constants and measured by cyclic voltammetry agree and lie between 250 and 280 mV against SHE. The comparison between open-chain and cyclic ligands shows that (1) a macrocyclic effect is found for Cu2+ but not for Cu+, (2) the ligand-field strength is very different for the two types of ligands, and (3) the redox potentials span a larger interval for the macrocyclic than for the open-chain complexes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19860690529
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleophile Ringöffnung von α-Nitrocyclopropancarbonsäure-arylestern mit sterisch geschützter, aber elektronisch wirksamer Carbonyl- und Nitro-Gruppe. Ein neues Prinzip der α-Aminosäure-Synthese (2-Aminobutansäure-a4-Synthon) (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 70 (1987), S. 1507-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Aryl α-Nitrocyclopropanecarboxylates with Sterically Protected but Electronically Effective Carbonyl and Nitro Group. A New Principle of α-Amino Acid Synthesis (2-Aminobutanoic Acid a4-Synthon)The readily available 2,4,6-tri(tert-butyl)-and 2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-methoxypahenol esters 2 of α-nitrocyclo-propanecarboxaylic acid ring opening with C-, N-, O-, and S-nucleophiles (cyanide, malonate, azide, anilines, alkoxides, phenoxides, thiolates) in DMF or alcohol solvents (80-95% yield). The products 6-14 are 2-nitrobutanoates with the newly introduced substituent in the 4-position. Reduction of the NO2 group with Zn/AcOH/Ac2O gives N-acetyl-α-amino acid esters 16-22 (40-90% yield). Subsequent oxidative cleavage (H2O2/HCOOH) of The p-methoxy-phenyl esters 18 and 20 produces free amino acids (65% 23 and 67% 24, respectively). Thus, the nitro ester 2 corresponds to a 2-aminobutanoic-acid a4-synthon, it is a ‘homo-Michael acceptor’ producing γ-substituted α-amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19870700607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-Temperature X-ray Crystal-Structure Analysis of the Thermally Unstable Lithiated 2-Butenyl tert-Butyl Sulfide: A comparison with model ab initio MO calculationsPart of the projected Dissertation of Th. M., ETH Zürich. (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 299-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single crystals of the N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) complex 6 of the title compound have been isolated. Compound 6 decomposes in the crystalline state above -20°. From the bond lengths and angles obtained by X-ray crystal-structure analysis (data collected at -70°), compound 6 is best described as a (E)-1-(tert-butylthio)-1-lithio-2-butene with the double bond acting as an additional ligand on lithium (unsymmetrical allylic group). The S-atom is in a cisoid arrangement in a common plane with the four C-atoms of the butenyl system. The t-Bu group and the Li-atom are located above and below this plane. The structure is discussed with respect to the reactivity of 6 (α/γ reactivity). The gross structure is reproduced surprisingly well by an ab initio SCF MO calculation of the model lithiopropene-1-thiol 7(HS instead of t-BuS, CH2 instead of CHCH3, no solvation of Li). The prominent difference is the symmetry of the allyllic moiety in the calculated structure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19880710202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure β-Silylcarboxyl Derivatives by Asymmetric 1,4-Addition to N-Enoyl-sultams. Preliminary CommunicationPresented at the IASOC-II-Meeting, Ischia, May 1986. (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 1542-1545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EtAlCl2-promoted additions of organocopper reagents to camphor-derived, conjugated N-enoyl-sultams gave saturated and olefinic β-silylcarboxyl derivatives with high diastereodifferentiation. Nondestructive removal of the chiral auxiliary followed by oxidative Si-C bond cleavage furnished enantiomerically pure acetate-derived aldols and propionate-derived ‘anti’ -aldols (via silyl-directed α-methylation).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19860690703
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