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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilized Rhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Key words Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded by Rhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entrapped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature, limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and production characteristics of permeabilized Coleus blumei cells in immobilized fed-batch culture (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Coleus blumei ; Rosmarinic acid ; Immobilization ; DMSO ; Luffa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Permeabilized Coleus blumei cells were cultivated in an immobilized state to study the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations and growth regulators on cell growth and rosmarinic acid (RA) production characteristics. Luffa (the fibrous skeleton of mature fruit of Luffa cylindrica) was a good support matrix for cell immobilization because of its high void volume. Maximum cell loading capacity was 1.33 g dry cell weight (DCW)/g dry Luffa. The experiments were done in shake flasks with no free medium. The medium was supplied in a fed-batch mode to avoid the flotation of Luffa pieces. The sucrose in the medium was completely hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose without any sugar accumulation in the medium. The cell viability was slightly higher in the cells on top of the Luffa than those in the middle. Cell growth rate and rosmarinic acid (RA) production were approximately half that obtained in cell suspension cultures. Cell yield (g DCW/g glucose) was similar to that of cell suspension cultures. The absence of growth regulators did not promote an increase of RA production but did decrease the cell mass. The second step preconditioning with 0.5% DMSO did not improve the cell's adaptability to higher DMSO concentrations and the cell mass did not increase with 2.5% DMSO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231967
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and X-ray Analysis of a Sulfur Dioxide Analog of Triamterene (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 629-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Pyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine ; Triamterene, sulfur dioxide analog of ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and X-ray analysis of a sulfur dioxide analog of the diuretic agent triamterene, namely 4,7-diamino-1-methyl-6-phenylpyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide (2b), is reported. The compound is devoid of the diuretic properties found in other related pyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazines.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199419940615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Michael Addition of Malononitrile to α-Acetylcinnamamides (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1993 (1993), S. 801-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Cinnamamides, α-acetyl ; Malononitrile ; 4H-Pyrans ; Michael additions ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of α-acetylcinnamamides 7a-e with malononitrile using piperidine as the catalyst is described. When one or two equivalents of malononitrile are used, the 2-amino-4H-pyran 6a or the polyfunctionalized carbocycles 9b-e, respectively, can be isolated as major products, depending on the experimental conditions. Compounds 9b-e apparently arise from a sequential Michael plus Knoevenagel addition of two molecules of malononitrile followed by Thorpe cyclization. The structure of 9b was determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed a twisted cyclohexadiene ring with a characteristic crystal packing.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1993199301125
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of vinyl cations by nitrosation of N-silylated imines and enaminesPresented as a poster at the 10th IUPAC Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry at Technion, Haifa, Israel, August 5-10, 1990. (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 6 (1993), S. 44-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of monosilylated imines and a disilylated enamine with nitrosyl salts in dichloromethane at -78°C is shown to proceed via intermediate vinyl diazonium salts and vinyl cations.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610060107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 3 (1990), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ab initio theoretical calculations were carried out on the three tautomers, NH, OH and CH, of 1,2,6-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Different basis sets were employed in order to obtain an adequate description of these cyclic sulphamide derivatives. A coherent picture is obtained which includes relative stability of tautomers (NH 〉 CH 〉 OH), non-planarity of NH and CH tautomers and electronic distribution (Boys' localized orbitals).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610030709
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