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  • Oil pollution  (2)
  • Radiocarbon  (2)
  • 1
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    Relationships between carbon isotopic composition and mode of binding of natural organic matter in selected marine sediments (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 38 (2007):1824-1837, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.008.
    Description: We have investigated the relationships between radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic composition and the different modes of binding of organic matter (OM) present in surficial sediments from near-shore and continental margin sites that vary in terms of input and depositional conditions. To improve our understanding of the entire OM pool, isotopic analysis of sedimentary sub-fractions, as opposed to individual compounds, was performed. This was achieved by sequentially treating sediments by solvent extraction to examine unbound compounds, followed by saponification to cleave ester linked moieties. Isotopic analysis was then performed on the bulk sediment and resulting residues. The molecular composition of the extracts was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the relative contributions of terrestrial and marine biomarkers were assessed. Radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) of the bulk sediment reflect a mixture of modern, pre-aged and fossil carbon. Offsets in Δ14C between the bulk sediment and sediment residues demonstrate varying associations of these carbon pools. For the majority of sites, a negative offset between extracted (EX2 RES) and saponified (SA-RES) sediment 1 residues results from the removal of relatively 4C-rich material during saponification. Saponification extracts (SAEs) are mainly composed of short chain (n-C12 to n-C24) alkanoic acids with an even/odd dominance indicating a predominantly marine algal or microbial source. This provides evidence for the protection of labile marine carbon by chemical binding. This study aims to bridge the gap between molecular level and bulk OM analyses in marine sediments.
    Description: The work was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0089172; OCE-0526268).
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Stable carbon ; Marine ; Sediments ; Biomarker
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
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    Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge–cyanobacteria associations (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 (2011): 631-636, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.022.
    Description: Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable 14C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the 14C content of four OPBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2’-OH-BDE68, 2’,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2’-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C12H22O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.
    Description: The project described was supported in part by Grant Numbers NA16RU1496 and NA06OAR4300227 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Grant Number 5P20RR021929 from the National Center for Research Resources.
    Keywords: O-PBDEs ; Radiocarbon ; Accelerator mass spectrometry ; Sponges ; Mariana Islands ; Pacific Ocean
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Long-term biological effects of petroleum residues on fiddler crabs in salt marshes (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Pollution Bulletin 54 (2007): 955-962, doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.015.
    Description: In September 1969,the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor (Buzzards Bay, MA). Today the aboveground environment appears unaffected, but a substantial amount of moderately degraded petroleum still remains 8 to 20 cm below the surface. The salt marsh fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax, which burrow into the sediments at depths of 5 to 25 cm, are chronically exposed to the spilled oil. Behavioral studies conducted with U. pugnax from Wild Harbor and a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, found that crabs exposed to the oil avoided burrowing into oiled layers, suffered delayed escape responses, lowered feeding rates, and lower densities. The oil residues are therefore biologically active and affect U. pugnax populations. Our results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas.
    Description: This work was funded by a grant from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Program, under grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA16RG2273, project no. R/P-73. Additional support was provided by funding from the NSF funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program, award 0453292, an Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award (N00014-04-01-0029) to C. Reddy, and an USEPA Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship (FP91661801) to E. Peacock.
    Keywords: Oil pollution ; Fiddler crabs ; Salt marsh ; No. 2 fuel oil ; Florida ; Petroleum hydrocarbons
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Effect of field exposure to 38-year-old residual petroleum hydrocarbons on growth, condition index, and filtration rate of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Pollution 154 (2008): 312-319, doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.008.
    Description: In September 1969, the Florida barge spilled 700,000 L of No. 2 fuel oil into the salt marsh sediments of Wild Harbor, MA. Today a substantial amount, approximately 100 kg, of moderately degraded petroleum remains within the sediment and along eroding creek banks. The ribbed mussels, Geukensia demissa, which inhabit the salt marsh creek bank, are exposed to the spilled oil. Examination of short-term exposure was done with transplantation of G. demissa from a control site, Great Sippewissett marsh, into Wild Harbor. We examined the effects of long-term exposure with transplantation of mussels from Wild Harbor into Great Sippewissett. Both the short- and long-term exposure transplants exhibited slower growth rates, shorter mean shell lengths, lower condition indices, and decreased filtration rates. Our results add new knowledge about long-term consequences of spilled oil, a dimension that should be included when assessing oil-impacted areas and developing management plans designed to restore, rehabilitate, or replace impacted areas.
    Description: This work is the result of research sponsored by NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA16RG2273, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. R/P-73. Additional support was provided by funding from the NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates program, award 0453292, an Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award (N00014-04-01-0029) to C. Reddy.
    Keywords: Florida (barge) ; Oil pollution ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Geukensia demissa ; Salt marsh
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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