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  • 1
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    Dissolved oxygen and carbonate-carbon dioxide in the sea water of the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26321 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 07:09:15 | 26321 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved oxygen and carbonate system in seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysian September 1995 and April-May 1996 were determined. It was found that surface water was well in equilibrium with the atmosphere. The sub-pycnocline water in the Gulf had the chemistry that was distinctly different from the mixed layer as well as from sub-pycnocline water in the South China Sea near the mouth of the Gulf, even with the same depth. There were some evidences that intermediate water in the South China Sea might flow into the Gulf along the central axis and the coast of Vietnam and Cambodia, and exited the Gulf along the Thai-Malay Peninsular coast. The chemistry of deep water in the South China Sea off the coast of Western Malaysia varied its chemistry by a great deal among seasons which might be due to the prevailing monsoon. Seawater in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea was supersaturated with respected to the mineral calcite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography ; Carbonates ; Calcite ; Chemical oceanography ; Carbon dioxide ; Dissolved oxygen ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 6-11
    Format: 6
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  • 2
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    Geostrophic and tidal currents in the South China Sea, Area III: West Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26275 | 2002 | 2019-02-21 01:16:31 | 26275 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The findings are presented of observations made during the SEAFDEC cruise conducted in western Philippines waters during the period mid April-mid May 1998 regarding the geostrophic and tidal currents. The dynamic high and low in the study area were owed to the relative vertical movement of water. The high area reflected a downward movement or downwelling in which as far as fisheries is concerned, is less potential for fisheries. The low dynamic surface due to cyclonic eddy caused by wind turbulence near the head of Luzon Island indicated a potential fishing ground for this season. Wind-dominated circulation with some orographic effects suggested that potential fishing grounds might be located for each season from wind data from coastal as well as ship stations.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Oceanography ; Geostrophic flow ; Fishing grounds ; Fishery oceanography ; Current observations ; Tidal currents ; South China Sea ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 308-315
    Format: 8
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  • 3
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    Numerical simulations of the net current in the gulf of Thailand under different monsoon regimes (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26324 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 08:48:29 | 26324 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Net circulation in the three layers in the Gulf of Thailand 0-10 m, 10-40 m and 〉40 m were simulated by a hydrological model using tri-monthly average of observed temperature, salinity, depth and wind. Prevailing monsoon was an important factor controlling current speed and direction of water above the pycnocline (0-40 m). The water in the upper 10 m flew from the South China Sea during the Northeast Monsoon and opposite during the Southwest Monsoon. The water in the near surface layer in all simulations was replenished mainly by the opposite flow in the mid-depth layer and only slightly from the deep, nutrient enriched, water below 40 m. The true circulation gyre could not be seen in our simulations but different degrees of eddies and meanders were evident in almost all runs. These features could play very important roles in the distribution and dispersion of dissolved, particulate and biological species, including pollution and larvae, and deserved more in depth studies in the future.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Water currents ; Water circulation ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 54-72
    Format: 19
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  • 4
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    Biogeochemical implications of dissolved trace metal concentration and distribution in the South China Sea, Area 1: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26326 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:33:06 | 26326 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Dissolved cadmium, copper, iron, lead and nickel in seawater at different depths were analyzed using the cobalt-APDC coprecipitation technique. The concentrations found were low and within the range found in natural seawater elsewhere. Terrestrial sources, especially near the head of the Gulf of Thailand and the Nakorn Sri Thammarat-Songkhla area on the Thai-Malay Peninsular, were clearly observed especially during the high runoff season. External input and horizontal dispersion dominated over internal recycling and removal in controlling concentration and distribution of iron and copper but it was the opposite for cadmium, nickel and lead where biological removal near surface and bottom regeneration might explain the nutrient type vertical profiles of these elements.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Biochemistry ; Trace metals ; Vertical profiles ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 86-99
    Format: 14
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  • 5
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    Geostrophic current, divergence and convergence in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26399 | 23782 | 2019-04-10 08:29:25 | 26399 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Current and circulation patterns for the area where water depth exceeded 500 m were calculated from geostrophic balance. Divergence and convergence inferred from horizontal circulation matched quite well with the observed vertical migration of the pycnocline, i.e. an indication of upwelling and downwelling. The spatial circulation pattern for July-August 1996 was quite different from that for May 1997, despite a generally similar prevailing wind. Eddies and meanders were the main features causing the difference. Interpretation of chemical and biological data of the area should take into consideration these local and sporadic physical phenomena.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Ocean currents ; Geostrophic flow ; Convergence ; Ocean circulation ; Divergence ; Current observations ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Borneo ; Sabah ; Indonesia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23-31
    Format: 9
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  • 6
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    Distribution and composition of photosynthetic pigments in the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26406 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:59:05 | 26406 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Depth integrated biomass of phytoplankton in the southern part of the South China Sea off Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam and Sabah in July 1996 and May 1997 was represented by in situ fluorescence. The total biomass in the study area was not much different between the 2 surveys. However, the spatial distribution of biomass clearly showed a unique pattern for each cruise. In overall, the local biomass per unit area did not correlate strongly with surface mixed layer thickness and sea surface temperature, two indicators of upwelling used in this study. Yet, anomalously high biomass of phytoplankton found in the vicinity of Stations 37 and 38 for both survey periods could be partially related by upwelling nearby.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Upwelling ; Photosynthetic pigments ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 156-164
    Format: 9
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  • 7
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    Physical characteristics of watermass in the South China Sea, Area II: Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei Darussalam waters (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26398 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 06:33:50 | 26398 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: This study provides new information on the physical characteristics of water masses in Sabah and Sarawak waters. The aim was to determine the effect of Southwest (SW) monsoon on the variability of water masses, in Sabah and Sarawak waters. Physical characteristics data were obtained using an instrument called “Integrated Conductivity Temperature Depth” (iCTD), during the third (July 1996) and fourth (May 1997) cruises of the MV SEAFDEC research vessel, conducted during the SW monsoon season. Vertical distributions and profiles of temperature, salinity and density were analyzed and their variations between the two cruises compared. It is concluded that there were no great variations of temperature, salinity and density values in the study area, during both cruises. This is because both cruises were conducted during the SW monsoon season. However, variations of temperature, salinity and density values were observed between shallow and deep waters, as well as coastal and offshore waters. Based on their vertical distributions and profiles obtained during the two cruises, water properties in shallow waters were found to vary slightly from the deeper ones. As a result, in the southern tip of the South China Sea, where the water was shallow, its properties here differed a little from the rest of the study area. This was due to the pronounced mixing effect of surface waves in shallow waters. At the same time, lower salinity and consequently, lower density values were detected in coastal waters, resulting from of the influx of freshwater from Sabah and Sarawak rivers during this monsoon season.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Salinity data ; Water masses ; Physical oceanography ; Density ; Temperature data ; Vertical profiles ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Sarawak ; Malaysia ; Sabah
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-22
    Format: 22
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  • 8
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    Physical characteristics of watermass in the South China Sea, Area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26320 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 07:10:12 | 26320 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Our study provides new information on the physical characteristics of watermass in the South China Sea. We analyzed the temperature, salinity and density profiles to determine the effect of the NE monsoon on the variability of the physical properties of watermass, in the Gulf of Thailand and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. CTD data were obtained from both the M.V. SEAFDEC cruises conducted before (September 1995) and after (April 1996) the northeast (NE) monsoon season. We concluded that the NE monsoon caused the variability of the physical properties of watermasses, in the study area, slightly. We observed the movement of the thermocline, halocline and pycnocline layers from deeper depth to shallower depth, before and after the NE monsoon season, respectively. This movement indicates the possible occurrence of downwelling and upwelling processes in the region.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Water masses ; CTD observations ; Physical oceanography ; Monsoons ; South China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-5
    Format: 5
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  • 9
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    Trace metals concentrations and distributions in sea water of the South China Sea, Area II: Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26404 | 23782 | 2019-04-11 06:46:38 | 26404 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Water samples off Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei Darussalam were collected during July–August 1996 and May 1997 and analyzed for dissolved and particulate cadmium, copper, iron, lead and nickel. Dissolved metals were coprecipitated with cobalt-APDC while particulate metals were digested with aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid. The concentrations of metals were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and nickel were in the same concentration ranges of unpolluted coastal water elsewhere except for some high concentrations of cadmium at some stations offshore. Iron concentrations were much higher than other regions, and the concentrations were about twenty times those found in the Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Malay Peninsula. High concentrations of these five metals in the offshore area in the July-August sampling possibly came from the Indonesian water flowing northward due to the influence of the wind from the south.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Pollution monitoring ; Industrial wastes ; Marine pollution ; Heavy metals ; Coastal waters ; Trace metals ; South China Sea ; Malaysia ; Sarawak ; Sabah ; Brunei Darussalam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129-145
    Format: 17
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  • 10
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    Petroleum hydrocarbon in seawater and some sediments of the South China Sea, area I: Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakan, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26328 | 23782 | 2019-03-28 08:52:39 | 26328 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Petroleum hydrocarbon in water samples and sediments collected during the Pre-Southwest Monsoon Cruise in the Gulf of Thailand and Eastern Peninsular Malaysia in April-May 1996 point out that land-based and sea-based sources were both important. High concentration (〉 0.5 mg/l) found in coastal water of the northern part and western part near Songkhla-Pattani could be derived from land-based sources. Elevated concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater and residuals in sediments of the central area of the Gulf could be originated from offshore activities. However physical oceanography of the Gulf could also play very important roles in redistribution, dispersion and accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbon in the water.
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Pollution ; Pollution monitoring ; Marine pollution ; Sediment analysis ; Petroleum hydrocarbonsSouth China Sea ; Gulf of Thailand ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 105-110
    Format: 6
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