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  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology  (25)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (25)
  • 1985-1989  (25)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absence of chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes exposed to microwave radiation with hyperthermia (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 235-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): microwaves ; hyperthermia ; chromosome aberration ; sister chromatid exchanges ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Specimens of human blood were exposed to 0, 4, 40, 100, and 200 Wkg-1 of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 20 minutes. The blood temperature was carefully controlled so that it rose from 37 to 40°C. Cultured lymphocytes were examined for induced chromosomal damage but no effect in excess of background was observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070212
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developmental studies of hanford miniature swine exposed to 60-Hz electric fields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): reproduction ; teratology ; embryotoxicity ; growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Evaluations of reproductive and developmental toxicology, including teratology, were included as part of a broad screening study in Hanford Miniature swine (HMS) to detect effects of exposure to electric fields. One group (E) was exposed to a uniform, vertical, 60-Hz, 30-kV/m electric field for 20 h/day, 7 days/week sham-exposed (SE) swine were housed in a separate, environmentally equivalent building. The first generation (F0) gilts were bred after 4 months of study; some were killed for teratologic assays at 100 days of gestation (dg), and the others produced an F1 generation of offspring. The pooled incidence of terata in these litters (teratologic assays and live births) was similar in the E and SE groups. The F0 females, which produced the F1 generation, were bred again after 18 months of exposure and were killed at 100 dg. Malformation incidence in E litters (75%) was significantly greater than in SE litters (29%). No consistent differences in litter size, fetal mass, or mass of fetal organs were detected. The F1 gilts were bred at 18 months of age; defective offspring were found in significantly more of the E litters (71 %) than in SE litters (33%). These F1 females were bred again 10 months later and teratologic assays were performed on their second litters at 100 dg. The percentage of litters with malformed fetuses was essentially identical in the E and SE groups (70% and 73%, respectively). There appears to be an association between chronic exposure to a strong electric field and developmental effects in swine, although the change in incidence of malformations between generations and between the first and second breedings makes it impossible to conclude unequivocally that there is a cause-and-effect relation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080303
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three-model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): ELF fields ; calcium ions ; brain tissue ; frequency dependence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: The frequency dependence of electromagnetic field-induced calcium-ion efflux from chicken brain tissues has been examined at 15-Hz intervals over the range 1-510 Hz. The electric field component was 15 Vrms/m and the magnetic component varied between 59 and 69 nTrms. No patterns of response as a function of frequency could be readily discerned when the differences in mean efflux values between exposed and sham samples were compared. However, the calculated P-value, a function that combines at each frequency the difference between the means of the exposed and sham groups with the variance of each group, does provide a basis for hypothesizing the existence of three frequency-dependent patterns in the data. One pattern includes all the highly significant (P 〈 .01) responses which occur between 15 and 315 Hz, at 30-Hz intervals; two independent trials at 165 Hz, giving nonsignificant responses (P 〉 .5), break this pattern into two groups of five frequencies each, which is contrary to the expected result for a simple Lorentz-force interaction. However, another pattern of significant results at 60, 90, and 180 Hz, but not at 300 Hz, is consistent with a Lorentz-force model. A third pattern, composed of only one significant response at 405 Hz, is very close to the resonance predicted on a linear extrapolation from high-frequency data for 13carbon atoms. This hypothetical ordering of the frequency-response profile provides the basis for future experimental designs to test each possible interaction model and for their connection to the calcium-ion efflux endpoint.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090303
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reproduction and development in rats chronologically exposed to 60-Hz electric fields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): chronic exposure ; teratology ; reproduction ; growth ; embryotoxicity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Previous studies have raised the possibility of reproductive and developmental changes in miniature swine chronically exposed to a strong 60-Hz electric field. Two replicate experiments on rats were performed to determine if similar changes could be detected in animals exposed under a comparable regime, which was based on average, induced-current densities and on the chronology of reproductive development, as dosimetrically and biologically scaled. Beginning at three months of age, female rats of the F0 generation and their subsequent offspring were chronically exposed to a 60-Hz electric field (100 kV/ m unperturbed) for 19 h/day for the duration of experimentation.After four weeks of exposure, F0 female rats were mated to unexposed male rats during the field-off period. No significant developmental effects were detected in their litters, confirming our previous results with swine and rats. The F0 females were mated for a second time at 7.2 months of age, and the fetuses were evaluated shortly before term. In the first experiments, the incidence of intrauterine mortality was significantly less in exposed than in sham-exposed litters, and there was a tendency (P = 0.12) for an increased incidence of malformed fetuses in exposed litters. Neither end point was significantly affected in the second experiment.Copulatory behavior of the female F1 offspring, which were bred at three months of age, was not affected in either experiment. There was a statistically significant decrease in the fertility of F1 exposed females and a significant increase in the fraction of exposed litters with malformed fetuses in the first experiment; both end points were essentially the same in the sham and exposed groups of the second experiment.That the significant effects detected in the first experiment were not seen in the second may be attributed to random or biological variation. Alternatively, the finding may indicate that the response threshold for induction of malformations lies near 100 kV/m.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080304
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of ELF (1-120 Hz) and modulated (50 Hz) RF fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): ELF fieds ; radiofrequency radiation ; amplitude modulation ; 60 Hz ; calcium-ion efflux ; brain tissue ; frequency windows ; intensity window ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: We have previously shown that 16-Hz, sinusoidal electromagnetic fields can cause enhanced efflux of calcium ions from chick brain tissue, in vitro, in two intensity regions centered on 6 and 40 Vp-p/m. Alternatively, 1-Hz and 30-Hz fields at 40 Vp-p/m did not cause enhanced efflux. We now demonstrate that although there is no enhanced efflux associated with a 42-Hz field at 30, 40, 50, or 60 Vp-p/m, a 45-Hz field causes enhanced efflux in an intensity range around 40 Vp-p/m that is essentially identical to the response observed for 16-Hz fields. Fields at 50 Hz induce enhanced efflux in a narrower intensity region between 45 and 50 Vp-p/m, while radiofrequency carrier waves, amplitude modulated at 50 Hz, also display enhanced efflux over a narrow power density range. Electromagnetic fields at 60 Hz cause enhanced efflux only at 35 and 40 Vp-p/m, intensities slightly lower than those that are effective at 50 Hz. Finally, exposures over a series of frequencies at 42.5 Vp-p/m reveal two frequency regions that elicit enhanced efflux - one centered on 15 Hz, the other extending from 45 to 105 Hz.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250060102
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain temperature measurements in rats: A comparison of microwave and ambient temperature exposures (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 7 (1986), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): microwave ; 2450 MHz ; brain temperature ; rat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: In an effort to understand microwave heating better, regional brain and core temperatures of rats exposed to microwave radiation (2450 MHz) or elevated air temperatures were measured in two studies. In general, we have found no substantial evidence for temperature differentials, or “hot spots,” in the brain of these animals. In the first study, after a 30-min exposure, no temperature differences between brain regions either after microwave or ambient air exposure were found. However, a highly significant correlation between brain and core temperatures was found and this correlation was the same for both microwave and ambient air heating. In the second study, time-temperature profiles were measured in rats exposed to either 30 mW/cm2 or 36.2°C. In this study, the 30-min exposure period was divided into seven intervals and the change in temperature during each period was analyzed. Only the cortex showed significantly different heating rates between the air heating and microwave heating; however, this difference disappeared after the initial 5 min of exposure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070302
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Suppression of T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to 60-Hz sinusoidal electric fields (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): murine allogeneic cytotoxicity ; electric field ; interleukin-2 ; effector lymphocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: A significant 25% inhibition (P 〈 .005) of allogeneic cytotoxicity of the target cell MPC-11 by the murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line CTLL-1 was observed when the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted immediately following a 48-h pre-exposure of the effector lymphocytes to a 10-mV/cm (rms) 60-Hz sinusoidal electric field. At 1.0 mV/cm a significant 19% inhibition (P 〈 .0005) was seen. At 0.1 mV/cm a nonsignificant 7% inhibition of cytotoxicity was noted. When the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted in the presence of the field using previously unexposed effector lymphocytes, cytotoxicity was not significantly reduced. Cell proliferation in the presence of interleukin-2 was unaffected by the field. These data suggest a dose response and threshold (between 0.1 and 1.0 mV/cm) for inhibition of cytotoxicity in clonal T-lymphocytes by exposure to a 60-Hz sinusoidal electric field. These results suggest mechanisms by which 60-Hz electric fields could affect the function of cells of the immune system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090311
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcium cyclotron resonance and diatom mobility (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): ELF fields ; cell mobility ; calcium ion effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: The hypothesis that movement of biological ions may be predicted by cyclotron resonance theory applied to cell membranes is tested in these experiments. Diatoms (Amphora coffeaeformis) were chosen as the biosystem since they move or don't move, depending on how much calcium is transported across the membrane. The experiments demonstrate that a particular ion (calcium) is apparently moved across the cell membrane in response to the DC and AC values of magnetic flux densities (B) and the frequency derived from the cyclotron resonance theory. A clear resonance is shown and a rather sharp frequency response curve is demonstrated. The experiments also show a dose response as the AC value of the flux density is varied, and that odd harmonics of the basic cyclotron frequency are also effective.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080302
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors by 60-Hz electric fields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 8 (1987), S. 337-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): hair vibration ; extremely low frequencies ; chronic stimulation ; exposure system ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Chronic exposure of animals to 60-Hz electric fields is known to affect the nervous system in a variety of subtle ways. The mechanism whereby these effects are produced remains unknown. One hypothesis is that the effects are a result of direct interaction between neuronal membranes and induced currents. Alternatively, the effects could be produced indirectly, as a result of sensory stimulation and the resulting low-level stress. To test these hypotheses, a system was developed to expose the surface of an anesthetized cat's paw to surface electric fields up to 600 kV/m while simultaneously measuring, in dorsal root fibers, afferent nerve impulses originating from various receptor types in the exposed paw. Of the 245 receptor units tested, comprising ten cutaneous receptor types, ten responded to the electric field with an increase in firing rate. The most sensitive receptor type was the rapidly adapting field receptor (RAF); eight of 20 (40%) were sensitive to the electric field, with thresholds as low as 160 kV/m. One of 35 rapidly adapting high-frequency receptors and one of 22 type T hair-follicle receptors were also sensitive to the electric field. Follow-up tests on the RAF receptors showed that hair removal reduced but did not eliminate the electric field sensitivity, suggesting that at least one other mechanism was involved in addition to stimulation via hair movement. The most likely mechanism is field-induced vibrations of the skin, since a further reduction in firing rate occurred following application of mineral oil to the depilated paw. Direct interaction with neuronal membranes is not supported by our evidence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250080403
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noninvasive thermometry using multiple-frequency-band radiometry: A feasibility study (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 6 (1985), S. 391-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Schlagwort(e): hyperthermia ; thermometry ; noninvasive sensing ; microwave radiometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: The potential use of multiple-frequency-band radiometry as a means of noninvasive sensing of one-dimensional temperature profiles is presented in this communication. The radiative energy transfer equation is solved numerically. Ideal-condition thermal noise spectra and distributions of received energy, associated with specific temperature-depth profiles, are presented. Performance characteristics are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250060406
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