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  • 1
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    AAFE RADSCAT 13.9-GHz measurements and analysis - Wind-speed signature of the ocean (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Advanced Applications Flight Experiment Radiometer Scatterometer, or 'AAFE RADSCAT', was developed as a research tool for the evaluation of the use of microwave remote sensors in gathering data on wind speed at the ocean's surface. The most important function of AAFE RADSCAT was to furnish a data base of ocean normalized radar cross section (NRCS) measurements as a function of surface wind vector at 13.9 GHz. The NRCS measurements cover a wide parametric range of incidence and azimuth angles and winds. Attention is presently given to analyses of data from the 26 RADSCAT flights during which the quality of the sensors and the surface wind measurements were felt to be understood; subsets of the data base are used to model the relationship between the Ku-band radar signature and the ocean surface wind vector.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (ISSN 0364-9059); OE-10; 346-357
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Aircraft measurements of the microwave scattering signature of the ocean (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Microwave scattering signatures of the ocean have been measured over a range of surface wind speeds from 3 m/s to 23.6 m/s using the AAFE RADSCAT scatterometer in an aircraft. Normalized scattering coefficients are presented for vertical and horizontal polarizations as a function of incidence angle (nadir to 55 deg) and radar azimuth angle (0 to 360 deg) relative to surface wind direction. For a given radar polarization, incidence angle, and azimuth angle relative to the wind direction, these scattering data exhibit a power law dependence on surface wind speed. The relation of the scattering coefficient to azimuth angle obtained during aircraft circles (antenna conical scans) is anisotropic and suggests that microwave scatterometers can be used to infer both wind speed and direction. These results have been used for the design of the Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) to be flown in 1978 on this first NASA oceanographic satellite.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-25; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    SASS measurements of the Ku-band radar signature of the ocean (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: SeaSat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) measurements of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) have been merged with high quality surface-wind fields based on in situ, to create a large data base of NRCS-wind signature data. These data are compared to the existing NRCS-wind model used by the SASS to infer winds. Falso-color maps of SASS NRCS and ocean winds from multiple orbits show important synoptic trends.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering; OE-7; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A survey of oceanographic satellite altimetric missions (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Consideration is given to the potential benefits of satellite altimetry measurements for oceanographic studies. The technical specifications and instrument payloads of past and future satellite altimetric satellite missions are described in a table. The missions include SKYLAB (1973); GEOS-3 (1975); and SEASAT (1978). Consideration is also given to the NROSS (1988); GEOSAT-4 (1984); and POSEIDON (1987-88) satellite missions.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Marine Geodesy (ISSN 0149-0419); 8; 1-4,
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Flight measurement and analysis of AAFE RADSCAT wind speed signature of the ocean (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The advanced aerospace flight experiment radiometer scatterometer (AAFE RADSCAT) which was developed as a research tool to evaluate the use of microwave frequency remote sensors to provide wind speed information at the ocean surface is discussed. The AAFE RADSCAT helped establish the feasibility of the satellite scatterometer for measuring both wind speed and direction. The most important function of the AAFE RADSCAT was to provide a data base of ocean normalized radar cross section (NRCS) measurements as a function of surface wind vector at 13.9 GHz. The NRCS measurements over a wide parametric range of incidence angles, azimuth angles, and winds were obtained in a series of RADSCAT aircraft missions. The obtained data base was used to model the relationship between k sub u band radar signature and ocean surface wind vector. The models developed therefrom are compared with those used for inversion of the SEASAT-A satellite scatterometer (SASS) radar measurements to wind speeds.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-85646 , L-15651 , NAS 1.15:85646
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Archival of aircraft scatterometer data from AAFE RADSCAT missions (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Aircraft scatterometer data obtained over the ocean with the Radiometer-Scatterometer (RADSCAT) instrument is documented. The normalized radar cross section data was obtained at 13.9 GHz for a variety of ocean surface wind conditions, which are also presented. All such valid RADSCAT ocean scatterometer data for which surface truth was obtained are included, except for ice research missions during the last year of RADSCAT's lifetime. Aircraft scatterometer data obtained for the SEASAT underflights were with a second instrument, the Airborne Microwave Scatterometer (AMSCAT). The RADSCAT data are archived on card image computer tapes and on microfiche.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-84608 , L-15590 , NAS 1.15:84608 , PB84-214543
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Absolute calibration of the RADSCAT scatterometer using precision spheres (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tests using precision sphere targets suspended from balloons were conducted to calibrate the received-power/transmitted-power tatio of the RADSCAT scatterometer. Comparisons were made of these measured results with theoretical return from spheres. The RADSCAT scatterometer measurements at 13.9 GHz should be corrected by -2.4 dB, and those at 9.3 GHz, by -4.3 dB. The techniques described should be generally applicable to calibration of scatterometers where measurement precision is of prime importance. Inferred from the magnitude of these RADSCAT corrections was the present state of technology in building precision scatterometers.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8259 , L-10554
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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