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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Gravity anomalies have been recovered in the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean regions. Comparisons of 63 2 deg x 2 deg mean free air gravity anomalies recovered in the North Atlantic area and 24 5 deg x 5 deg mean free air gravity anomalies in the Indian Ocean area with surface gravimetric measurements have shown agreement to + or - 8 mGal for both solutions. Geoids derived from the altimeter solutions are consistent with altimetric sea surface height data to within the precision of the data, about + or - 2 m.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; July 30
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Soil conservation programs are becoming more important as the growing human population exerts greater pressure on this non-renewable resource. Indeed, soil degradation affects approximately 10 percent of Canada's agricultural land with an estimated loss of 6,000 hectares of topsoil annually from Ontario farmland alone. Soil loss not only affects agricultural productivity but also decreases water quality and can lead to siltation problems. Thus, there is a growing demand for soil conservation programs and a need to develop an effective monitoring system. Topography and soil type information can easily be handled within a geographic information system (GIS). Information about vegetative cover type and surface roughness, which both experience considerable temporal change, can be obtained from remote sensing techniques. For further development of the technology to produce an operational soil conservation monitoring system, an experiment was conducted in Oxford County, Ontario which investigated the separability of fall surface cover type using C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL, Summaries of the Third Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop. Volume 3: AIRSAR Workshop; p 86-88
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The primary experiment on the Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite-3 (GEOS-3) is the radar altimeter. This experiment's major objective is to demonstrate the utility of measuring the geometry of the ocean surface; i.e., the geoid. Results obtained from this experiment so far indicate that the planned objectives of measuring the topography of the ocean surface with an absolute accuracy of + or - 5 m can be met and perhaps exceeded. The GEOS-3 satellite altimeter measurements have an instrument precision in the range of + or - 25 cm to + or - 50 cm when the altimeter is operating in the 'short pulse' mode. After one year's operations of the altimeter, data from over 5000 altimeter passes have been collected. With the mathematical models developed and the altimeter data presently available, mapping of local areas of ocean topography has been realized to the planned accuracy levels and better. This paper presents the basic data processing methods employed and some interesting results achieved with the early data. Plots of mean sea surface heights as inferred by the altimeter measurements are compared with a detailed 1 by 1 deg gravimetric geoid.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Marine Geodesy; 2; 2, 19; 1979
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The geographical variability of short wavelength geoid power spectra (geoid roughness) has been mapped for the world's oceans between latitudes 72 deg N and 72 deg S. A spectral analysis of Seasat altimeter data, reduced to sea surface heights, has been performed at 2-min intervals for 15 consecutive days of the 3-day repeat orbit. The geoid roughness represented by these spectra for wavelengths shorter than about 220 km is separated from the total sea height variance and is displayed in the form of a global contour map. The global average geoid roughness is 32 cm RMS, varying from a high in excess of 2 m RMS near deep ocean trenches to a low of 2 cm RMS in the southeast Pacific near the east Pacific rise. This average value agrees well with previous estimates based on gravimetry and GEOS 3 altimetry. In general, the smoothest areas in the marine geoid overlie relatively young sea floor adjacent mid-ocean spreading centers, where even short wavelength topographic variations tend to be isostatically compensated.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Samples were collected in the Chesapeake Bay entrance and contiguous shelf waters and were subsequently analyzed for particulate coprostanol and cholesterol concentrations. Surface coprostanol concentrations were fairly uniform, with a slight increase with depth. This increase with depth may be due to sewage-associated particulates settling as they leave the Bay, or the resuspension of contaminated sediment. Preliminary findings indicate sewage-associated materials are being transported from the Chesapeake Bay to shelf waters, where they may have a detrimental affect on living marine resources.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Chesapeake Bay Plume Study; p 243-250
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The surface observations used for direct comparison with Seasat-derived values at fixed locations and as input to analyzed fields of pressure, wind, air and sea temperatures, and surface dew point are discussed. These included measurements made by research vessels participating in the Gulf of Alaska Seasat Experiment (GOASEX) and NOAA research platforms in addition to aircraft observations and reports from the World Weather Watch. The application of these observations in describing the synoptic-scale winds over the ocean is discussed, and the sensitivity of the verification statistics to the type of data (observations from buoys, weather ships, and transient vessels with or without anemometers) is considered. Results of a preliminary comparison of wind fields derived from Seasat-A scatterometer observation with winds specified by several types of platforms are presented.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Science; 204; June 29
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A simple economical objective analysis scheme is devised and tested on real scatterometer data. It is designed to treat dense data such as those of the Seasat A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) for individual or multiple passes, and preserves subsynoptic scale features. Errors are evaluated with the aid of sampling ('bootstrap') statistical methods. In addition, sensitivity tests have been performed which establish qualitative confidence in calculated fields of divergence and vorticity. The SASS wind algorithm could be improved; however, the data at this point are limited by instrument errors rather than analysis errors. The analysis error is typically negligible in comparison with the instrument error, but amounts to 30 percent of the instrument error in areas of strong wind shear. The scheme is very economical, and thus suitable for large volumes of dense data such as SASS data.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 5153-515
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  • 8
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The verified capabilities and some practical usage of the satellite scatterometer in geophysical data production have demonstrated the value of this instrument. This evaluation of scatterometer ability to measure marine winds includes the scatterometer verification data, the state of the art planetary boundary layer model relating the wind profile in the atmosphere to the surface stress, and the pertinent results of the Storms Response Experiment.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2221-223
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