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  • 1
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    The global forest ecosystem as viewed by ERS-1, SIR-C and EOS (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A program is presented to perform coordinated global experiments designed to use the unique features of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors such as the ones on ERS-1, SIR-C and EOS to characterize the physical nature of forest stands as input to global ecosystem and climatology models. Details about the objectives, program and expected results are presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 2
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    Ocean gravity and geoid determination (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Gravity anomalies have been recovered in the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean regions. Comparisons of 63 2 deg x 2 deg mean free air gravity anomalies recovered in the North Atlantic area and 24 5 deg x 5 deg mean free air gravity anomalies in the Indian Ocean area with surface gravimetric measurements have shown agreement to + or - 8 mGal for both solutions. Geoids derived from the altimeter solutions are consistent with altimetric sea surface height data to within the precision of the data, about + or - 2 m.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; July 30
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  • 3
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    Soil conservation applications with C-band SAR (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Soil conservation programs are becoming more important as the growing human population exerts greater pressure on this non-renewable resource. Indeed, soil degradation affects approximately 10 percent of Canada's agricultural land with an estimated loss of 6,000 hectares of topsoil annually from Ontario farmland alone. Soil loss not only affects agricultural productivity but also decreases water quality and can lead to siltation problems. Thus, there is a growing demand for soil conservation programs and a need to develop an effective monitoring system. Topography and soil type information can easily be handled within a geographic information system (GIS). Information about vegetative cover type and surface roughness, which both experience considerable temporal change, can be obtained from remote sensing techniques. For further development of the technology to produce an operational soil conservation monitoring system, an experiment was conducted in Oxford County, Ontario which investigated the separability of fall surface cover type using C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL, Summaries of the Third Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop. Volume 3: AIRSAR Workshop; p 86-88
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  • 4
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    Mean sea level determination from satellite altimetry (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The primary experiment on the Geodynamics Experimental Ocean Satellite-3 (GEOS-3) is the radar altimeter. This experiment's major objective is to demonstrate the utility of measuring the geometry of the ocean surface; i.e., the geoid. Results obtained from this experiment so far indicate that the planned objectives of measuring the topography of the ocean surface with an absolute accuracy of + or - 5 m can be met and perhaps exceeded. The GEOS-3 satellite altimeter measurements have an instrument precision in the range of + or - 25 cm to + or - 50 cm when the altimeter is operating in the 'short pulse' mode. After one year's operations of the altimeter, data from over 5000 altimeter passes have been collected. With the mathematical models developed and the altimeter data presently available, mapping of local areas of ocean topography has been realized to the planned accuracy levels and better. This paper presents the basic data processing methods employed and some interesting results achieved with the early data. Plots of mean sea surface heights as inferred by the altimeter measurements are compared with a detailed 1 by 1 deg gravimetric geoid.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Marine Geodesy; 2; 2, 19; 1979
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  • 5
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    Roughness of the marine geoid from Seasat altimetry (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The geographical variability of short wavelength geoid power spectra (geoid roughness) has been mapped for the world's oceans between latitudes 72 deg N and 72 deg S. A spectral analysis of Seasat altimeter data, reduced to sea surface heights, has been performed at 2-min intervals for 15 consecutive days of the 3-day repeat orbit. The geoid roughness represented by these spectra for wavelengths shorter than about 220 km is separated from the total sea height variance and is displayed in the form of a global contour map. The global average geoid roughness is 32 cm RMS, varying from a high in excess of 2 m RMS near deep ocean trenches to a low of 2 cm RMS in the southeast Pacific near the east Pacific rise. This average value agrees well with previous estimates based on gravimetry and GEOS 3 altimetry. In general, the smoothest areas in the marine geoid overlie relatively young sea floor adjacent mid-ocean spreading centers, where even short wavelength topographic variations tend to be isostatically compensated.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 6
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    Multi-polarization C-band SAR for soil moisture estimation (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Previous studies of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery have shown qualitative relationships between radar backscatter and soil moisture. However, to be able to use these data in operational programs it will be necessary to establish quantitatively how the radar return is related to soil moisture and the effects of surface roughness, soil type, and vegetation cover and growth stage, as a function of frequency and polarization. To this end, a multi-year experiment began in 1990 as a cooperative venture amongst the Canada Center (Agriculture Canada), and the Universities of Guelph, Sherbrooke, Laval, and Waterloo. During 1990, SAR imagery was acquired during two periods (May and Jun.) to correspond to times of minimal and substantial vegetation cover. SAR data were acquired on three days in May and on four days in Jul. to cover different soil moisture conditions. This unique comprehensive data set is used to investigate the relationships between soil moisture and radar backscatter. The experiment and data collected are described, and a preliminary qualitative interpretation of the relationship between soil moisture and image tone is provided.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL, Proceedings of the Third Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Workshop; p 57-67
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  • 7
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    Scatterometer capabilities in remotely sensing geophysical parameters over the ocean: The status and the possibilities (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Extensive comparison between surface measurements and satellite Scatt signal and predicted winds show successful wind and weather analysis comparable with conventional weather service analyses. However, in regions often of the most interest, e.g., fronts and local storms, inadequacies in the latter fields leaves an inability to establish the satellite sensor capabilities. Thus, comparisons must be made between wind detecting measurements and other satellite measurements of clouds, moisture, waves or any other parameter which responds to sharp gradients in the wind. At least for the windfields and the derived surface pressure field analysis, occasional surface measurements are required to anchor and monitor the satellite analyses. Their averaging times must be made compatible with the satellite sensor measurement. Careful attention must be paid to the complex fields which contain many scales of turbulence and coherent structures affecting the averaging process. The satellite microwave system is capable of replacing the conventional point observation/numerical analysis for the ocean weather.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Frontiers of Remote Sensing of the Oceans and Troposphere from Air and Space Platforms; p 51-56
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  • 8
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    Use of aerial thermography in Canadian energy conservation programs (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recent developments in the use of aerial thermography in energy conservation programs within Canada were summarized. Following a brief review of studies conducted during the last three years, methodologies of data acquisition, processing, analysis and interpretation was discussed. Examples of results from an industrial oriented project were presented and recommendations for future basic work were outlined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ERIM Proc. of the 11th Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 2; p 1197-1206
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  • 9
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    Coprostanol as a potential tracer of particulate sewage effluent to shelf waters adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Samples were collected in the Chesapeake Bay entrance and contiguous shelf waters and were subsequently analyzed for particulate coprostanol and cholesterol concentrations. Surface coprostanol concentrations were fairly uniform, with a slight increase with depth. This increase with depth may be due to sewage-associated particulates settling as they leave the Bay, or the resuspension of contaminated sediment. Preliminary findings indicate sewage-associated materials are being transported from the Chesapeake Bay to shelf waters, where they may have a detrimental affect on living marine resources.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Chesapeake Bay Plume Study; p 243-250
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  • 10
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    The Igwisi Hills extrusive 'kimberlites' (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The petrography and mineral chemistry of volcanic rocks from the Igwisi Hills in Tanzania are discussed. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the Igwisi rocks are extrusive kimberlites: a two-component nature with high P-T minerals in a low P-T matrix; the presence of chrome pyrope, Al enstatite, chrome diopside, chromite and olivine; a highly oxidized, volatile-rich matrix with serpentine, calcite, magnetite, perovskite; high Sr, Zr, and Nb contents; occurrence in a narrow isolated vent within a stable shield area. The Igwisi rocks differ from kimberlite in the lack of magnesian ilmenite, the scarcity of matrix phlogopite, and the overall low alkali content. They apparently contain material from phlogopite-bearing garnet peridotites with a primary mineral assemblage indicative of equilibrium at upper mantle temperatures and pressures. This primary assemblage was brought rapidly to the surface in a gas-charged, carbonate-rich fluid. Rapid upward transport, extrusion, and rapid cooling have tended to prevent reaction between inclusions and the carbonate-rich matrix that might otherwise have yielded a more typical kimberlite.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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